1 00:00:00,679 --> 00:00:02,449 >>> GOOD MORNING. 2 00:00:02,449 --> 00:00:09,140 I AM BRENDA MANUEL THE ASSOCIATE ADMINISTRATOR FOR DIVERSITY AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITY HERE AT NASA. 3 00:00:09,140 --> 00:00:11,910 AND I WOULD LIKE TO WELCOME YOU TO THE VERY FIRST 4 00:00:11,910 --> 00:00:14,390 MISSIONSTEM SUMMIT 2016. 5 00:00:14,390 --> 00:00:20,720 WE ARE PLEASED TO HAVE SO MANY REPRESENTATIVES FROM OUR GRANTEE INSTITUTIONS WITH US THIS MORNING. 6 00:00:20,720 --> 00:00:23,830 BOTH HERE AND PERSON AS WELL AS VIRTUALLY. 7 00:00:23,830 --> 00:00:28,560 AS MANY OF YOU MAY KNOW, NASA HAS FOR MANY YEARS 8 00:00:28,560 --> 00:00:32,899 CONDUCTED COMPLIANT REVIEW PROGRAMS TO BETTER ENSURE 9 00:00:32,899 --> 00:00:36,050 THAT OUR GRANTEES ARE OFFERING EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES TO 10 00:00:36,050 --> 00:00:40,800 THEIR BENEFICIARIES OF THESE BE STUDENTS IN NASA FUNDED 11 00:00:40,800 --> 00:00:46,700 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATH OR STEM 12 00:00:46,700 --> 00:00:52,690 VISITORS TO VISIT VISITOR PLANETARIUMS ACROSS THE 13 00:00:52,690 --> 00:00:54,030 NATION. 14 00:00:54,030 --> 00:00:57,730 AS OUR PROGRAMMING CHORES, WE SOUGHT TO HEIGHTEN OUR 15 00:00:57,730 --> 00:01:01,510 EFFORTS BY PROVIDING A MECHANISM FOR TOUCHING ALL OF 16 00:01:01,510 --> 00:01:02,829 OUR GRANTEES. 17 00:01:02,829 --> 00:01:09,940 THUS THE CREATION OF THE MISSIONSTEM WEBSITE. 18 00:01:09,940 --> 00:01:20,920 MISSIONSTEM IS – UNDER THE NATION'S CIVIL RIGHTS LAWS 19 00:01:20,920 --> 00:01:25,409 AND TO ENHANCE THEIR DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION EFFORTS. 20 00:01:25,409 --> 00:01:29,799 OVER THE PAST FOUR YEARS, THE MISSIONSTEM WEBSITE HAS 21 00:01:29,799 --> 00:01:31,890 SERVED AS MANY THINGS. 22 00:01:31,890 --> 00:01:35,530 AMONG THEM, A CATALYST FOR CHANGE, A VEHICLE FOR 23 00:01:35,530 --> 00:01:39,159 HIGHLIGHTING BEST PRACTICES, AND A CLEARINGHOUSE FOR 24 00:01:39,159 --> 00:01:43,189 INFORMATION CRITICAL TO EQUAL OPPORTUNITY AND DIVERSITY 25 00:01:43,189 --> 00:01:45,640 EFFORTS IN STEM. 26 00:01:45,640 --> 00:01:49,380 TODAY WE BRING YOU OUR GRANT RECIPIENTS, TOGETHER TO 27 00:01:49,380 --> 00:01:54,369 BRING – AND TO BEGIN AN INTERACTIVE DIALOGUE WITH NASA 28 00:01:54,369 --> 00:01:58,370 THAT WE BELIEVE IS THE NEXT LOGICAL STEP IN OUR EFFORTS 29 00:01:58,370 --> 00:02:02,920 TO CREATE DIVERSITY IN STEM AND TO PROVIDE MORE 30 00:02:02,920 --> 00:02:05,990 INCLUSIVE STEM PROGRAM ENVIRONMENTS. 31 00:02:05,990 --> 00:02:14,279 WE WANT THIS TO BE A RICH AND THOUGHTFUL CONVERSATION THAT CAN LEAD US TO REAL-WORLD PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS 32 00:02:14,279 --> 00:02:18,309 TO THE CHALLENGES CONFRONTING US IN STEM. 33 00:02:18,309 --> 00:02:22,659 IT IS OUR INTENTION TO OFFER VALUABLE INFORMATION ON 34 00:02:22,659 --> 00:02:26,370 NASA'S WORKFORCE OF THE FUTURE, NASA GRANTS AND 35 00:02:26,370 --> 00:02:29,769 CONTRACTS, AND THE SPECIFIC WAYS IN WHICH CIVIL-RIGHTS 36 00:02:29,769 --> 00:02:33,909 COMPLIANCE PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN EFFORTS TO CREATE A 37 00:02:33,909 --> 00:02:37,879 MORE DIVERSE AND INCLUSIVE STEM COMMUNITY. 38 00:02:37,879 --> 00:02:42,069 WE ALSO WANT THIS TO BE A SHOWCASE FOR ALL THE GOOD 39 00:02:42,069 --> 00:02:45,409 WORK AND THE MANY PROMISING PRACTICES THAT YOUR 40 00:02:45,409 --> 00:02:50,189 INSTITUTIONS AND OTHER STAKEHOLDERS ARE ALREADY ENGAGING IN. 41 00:02:50,189 --> 00:02:54,379 THIS IS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR IDEA GENERATION, THROUGH AN 42 00:02:54,379 --> 00:02:58,249 INTENTIONAL AND DELIBERATE FOCUS ON EQUAL OPPORTUNITY 43 00:02:58,249 --> 00:03:01,510 AND DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION IN THE STEM FIELD. 44 00:03:01,510 --> 00:03:05,390 THIS IS WHY WE ARE HERE TODAY AND THIS IS THE WORK THAT 45 00:03:05,390 --> 00:03:09,480 ANY OF US HAVE BEEN DOING FOR A LONG TIME AND THIS IS A 46 00:03:09,480 --> 00:03:12,549 SETTING FOR COLLABORATIVE AGREEMENT. 47 00:03:12,549 --> 00:03:16,559 IT IS TIME FOR US TO TAKE BOLD STEPS TOGETHER. 48 00:03:16,559 --> 00:03:20,750 AGAIN, I WELCOME YOU TO THE MISSION STEM SUMMIT AND AT 49 00:03:20,750 --> 00:03:28,219 THIS TIME, WE WILL HEAR FROM THE NASA ADMINISTRATOR, CHARLIE ODEN. 50 00:03:28,219 --> 00:03:30,959 >> WELCOME TO THE FIRST EVER MISSIONSTEM SUMMIT. 51 00:03:30,959 --> 00:03:36,010 I WANT TO SAY HOW PROUD I AM OF THE WORK THAT NASA HAS 52 00:03:36,010 --> 00:03:41,430 BEEN DOING IN THE FIELDS OF EQUAL OPPORTUNITY, DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION IN STEM AND ALSO HOW 53 00:03:41,430 --> 00:03:46,299 SAD I AM AND SORRY THAT I CANNOT BE HERE TODAY BECAUSE 54 00:03:46,299 --> 00:03:48,659 I THINK IT IS GOING TO BE INCREDIBLE. 55 00:03:48,659 --> 00:03:51,889 WE ARE MAKING GREAT STRIDES, BUT WE RECOGNIZE THAT 56 00:03:51,889 --> 00:03:54,260 THERE IS STILL MUCH TO DO. 57 00:03:54,260 --> 00:03:57,579 TODAY, WE ARE TAKING ANOTHER IMPORTANT STEP IN OUR 58 00:03:57,579 --> 00:04:01,239 SHARED JOURNEY TOWARD MORE DIVERSE STEM ACADEMIC AND 59 00:04:01,239 --> 00:04:02,859 WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENTS. 60 00:04:02,859 --> 00:04:04,269 THIS BENEFITS NASA. 61 00:04:04,269 --> 00:04:08,219 OUR MANY GRANT RECIPIENT INSTITUTIONS AND OUR ENTIRE 62 00:04:08,219 --> 00:04:09,249 NATION. 63 00:04:09,249 --> 00:04:12,510 WE SEEK THIS DIVERSITY AND THE INCLUSIVE PRACTICE TO 64 00:04:12,510 --> 00:04:15,169 SUPPORT IT BECAUSE THEY ARE CRITICAL TO THE NATION 65 00:04:15,169 --> 00:04:17,959 SCIENTIFIC AND ECONOMIC FUTURE. 66 00:04:17,959 --> 00:04:21,209 WE MUST ENSURE THAT EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES ARE BEING 67 00:04:21,209 --> 00:04:24,919 AFFORDED REGARDLESS OF ONE'S RACE, GENDER, OR OTHER 68 00:04:24,919 --> 00:04:26,060 LEGALLY PROTECTED STATUS. 69 00:04:26,060 --> 00:04:30,729 THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION DATA TELLS US THAT 70 00:04:30,729 --> 00:04:36,259 WOMEN ACCOUNT FOR ONLY 19 PERCENT OF ALL ENGINEERING AND PHYSICS DEGREES. 71 00:04:36,259 --> 00:04:39,070 AFRICAN AMERICANS ACCOUNT FOR ONLY FOUR PERCENT OF ALL 72 00:04:39,070 --> 00:04:43,460 ENGINEERING AND 2.4 PERCENT OF PHYSICS DEGREES. 73 00:04:43,460 --> 00:04:46,520 THESE DISPARITIES ARE OF GREAT CONCERN. 74 00:04:46,520 --> 00:04:50,340 AND WE, AS A NATION, CAN AND MUST DO BETTER. 75 00:04:50,340 --> 00:04:53,590 WE MUST NURTURE AND EMBRACE ALL OF THE TALENT THAT WE 76 00:04:53,590 --> 00:04:57,860 HAVE AVAILABLE TO US, BOTH TAPPED AND UNTAPPED. 77 00:04:57,860 --> 00:05:01,080 AS A WORLD LEADER IN SCIENCE, AERONAUTICS, SPACE 78 00:05:01,080 --> 00:05:04,449 EXPLORATION AND TECH KNOWLEDGE HE, NASA CANNOT AFFORD 79 00:05:04,449 --> 00:05:06,620 TO DO ANYTHING LESS. 80 00:05:06,620 --> 00:05:10,229 THIS AWESOME AND UNPRECEDENTED NATURE OF THE MISSIONS 81 00:05:10,229 --> 00:05:13,960 WE UNDERTAKE DEMANDS TALENT FROM EVERY CORNER OF THE 82 00:05:13,960 --> 00:05:14,960 COUNTRY. 83 00:05:14,960 --> 00:05:17,360 FROM EVERY WALK OF LIFE. 84 00:05:17,360 --> 00:05:20,370 TALENT THAT REFLECTS A VAST DIVERSITY OF DISCIPLINE AND 85 00:05:20,370 --> 00:05:21,690 THOUGHT. 86 00:05:21,690 --> 00:05:24,949 WITHOUT THESE, WE CAN NEVER ACHIEVE THE KIND OF COMPLEX 87 00:05:24,949 --> 00:05:28,500 SOLUTIONS TO TECHNICAL PROBLEMS THAT WE NEED. 88 00:05:28,500 --> 00:05:32,020 TODAY, NASA IS ON A JOURNEY TO MARS THAT WILL PLACE 89 00:05:32,020 --> 00:05:35,360 HUMAN BEINGS ON ANOTHER BODY IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM FOR 90 00:05:35,360 --> 00:05:38,310 ONLY THE SECOND TIME IN HISTORY. 91 00:05:38,310 --> 00:05:41,750 AFTER MORE THAN 40 YEARS WITHOUT HUMAN SPACE LIFE 92 00:05:41,750 --> 00:05:43,759 BEYOND OUR BORDERS. 93 00:05:43,759 --> 00:05:46,610 WE ARE EXTENDING THE HUMAN PRESENCE TO THE FARTHEST 94 00:05:46,610 --> 00:05:49,711 REACHES OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM WITH ROBOTIC ASIANS TO 95 00:05:49,711 --> 00:05:53,719 JUPITER, EUROPA AND PLUTO TO NAME A FEW. 96 00:05:53,719 --> 00:05:56,740 RIGHT HERE AT HOME WE ARE INVOLVED IN A HOST OF EFFORTS 97 00:05:56,740 --> 00:05:59,759 TO BETTER LIFE ON EARTH FROM GATHERING DATA ABOUT 98 00:05:59,759 --> 00:06:03,449 CLIMATE CHANGE TO DEVELOPING SAFER AIR TRAVEL TO HELP 99 00:06:03,449 --> 00:06:05,509 FIGHTING FOREST FIRES. 100 00:06:05,509 --> 00:06:09,180 TO DO ALL THESE AMAZING THINGS, OUR NATION NEEDS A 101 00:06:09,180 --> 00:06:12,439 VIBRANT, INNOVATIVE AND DIVERSE STEM COMMUNITY. 102 00:06:12,439 --> 00:06:15,009 THAT'S WHAT THIS SUMMIT IS ALL ABOUT. 103 00:06:15,009 --> 00:06:18,280 HELPING US TO DO A BETTER JOB OF DIVERSIFYING STEM, 104 00:06:18,280 --> 00:06:22,449 NURTURING THE TALENT WE HAVE, AND INSPIRING A NEW 105 00:06:22,449 --> 00:06:23,449 GENERATION. 106 00:06:23,449 --> 00:06:26,819 I CANNOT TELL YOU HOW PLEASED I AM AT THE TEAM WE HAVE 107 00:06:26,819 --> 00:06:28,749 GATHERED TO DO THIS. 108 00:06:28,749 --> 00:06:31,650 JOINING US OUR LEADERS FROM THE WHITE HOUSE, AND 109 00:06:31,650 --> 00:06:33,909 MEMBERS OF CONGRESS AND THEIR STAFFS. 110 00:06:33,909 --> 00:06:39,719 AS WELL AS TOP OFFICIALS FROM ACROSS GOVERNMENT, ACADEMIA, SCIENTIFIC CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS 111 00:06:39,719 --> 00:06:40,719 AND INDUSTRY. 112 00:06:40,719 --> 00:06:44,150 NOW, I WOULD LIKE TO SHARE WITH YOU AN IMPORTANT VIDEO 113 00:06:44,150 --> 00:06:50,960 MESSAGE FROM SEVERAL MEMBERS OF CONGRESS DOES ON 114 00:06:50,960 --> 00:06:54,130 PROMOTING STEM DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION AT ACADEMIC 115 00:06:54,130 --> 00:06:56,930 INSTITUTIONS AND IN THE WORK PLACE. 116 00:06:56,930 --> 00:07:00,360 AND HOW DOING SO CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE STRENGTH AND 117 00:07:00,360 --> 00:07:03,430 PRODUCT VIDEO OF THE AMERICAN WORKFORCE. 118 00:07:03,430 --> 00:07:06,479 NO MISTAKE ABOUT IT, THOUGH, LEADERSHIP FROM THE VERY 119 00:07:06,479 --> 00:07:10,060 TOP IS WHAT IS NEEDED TO REALIZE OUR OBJECTIVES AND 120 00:07:10,060 --> 00:07:12,160 THIS WE HAVE TODAY. 121 00:07:12,160 --> 00:07:16,240 THEREFORE, I WOULD LIKE TO THANK THESE MEMBERS, AS WELL 122 00:07:16,240 --> 00:07:19,219 AS THE MANY OTHER MEMBERS OF CONGRESS, WHO HAVE 123 00:07:19,219 --> 00:07:23,169 CONSISTENTLY SUPPORTED NASA'S STEM OUTREACH RECORDS. 124 00:07:23,169 --> 00:07:26,610 AFTER YOU HEAR FROM THE MEMBERS, I INVITE YOU TO BE 125 00:07:26,610 --> 00:07:30,750 SURE TO STRETCH YOUR PERSPECTIVE IT'S AT THIS EVENT. 126 00:07:30,750 --> 00:07:32,590 LEARNING COLLABORATE. 127 00:07:32,590 --> 00:07:37,039 ENJOY THE REST OF THESE EXCITING TWO DAYS ON THIS VERY 128 00:07:37,039 --> 00:07:38,870 CRITICAL TOPIC. 129 00:07:38,870 --> 00:07:44,259 >> AS A CONGRESSWOMAN – I'M CONGRESSMAN JOHNSON AND I 130 00:07:44,259 --> 00:07:48,660 LIKE TO WELCOME YOU TO THE FIRST NASA ASIAN STEM 131 00:07:48,660 --> 00:07:50,460 SUMMIT. 132 00:07:50,460 --> 00:07:55,430 FOR MY ENTIRE CAREER I HAVE CHAMPION POLICIES THAT 133 00:07:55,430 --> 00:07:58,540 ENCOURAGE WOMEN AND MEN IRONY STUDENTS TO OBTAIN 134 00:07:58,540 --> 00:08:03,360 ADVANCED DEGREES IN STEM, AS A RANKING MEMBER ON THE 135 00:08:03,360 --> 00:08:10,229 COMMITTEE OF SPACE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE FIRST AFRICAN-AMERICAN AND THE FIRST WOMAN TO HOLD 136 00:08:10,229 --> 00:08:14,419 THIS POSITION, I AM PUSHING FOR STEM EDUCATION 137 00:08:14,419 --> 00:08:18,020 AND BROADENING PARTICIPATION TO BE ON THE PRIORITY 138 00:08:18,020 --> 00:08:20,340 LIST OF ALL OF MY COLLEAGUES. 139 00:08:20,340 --> 00:08:25,080 I RECALL HOW A GENERATION WAS INSPIRED TO PURSUE 140 00:08:25,080 --> 00:08:30,349 CAREERS IN MATH AND SCIENCE THE CUSS OF THE SPACE RACE. 141 00:08:30,349 --> 00:08:33,190 STUDENTS ARE STILL INSPIRED BY ASTRONOMY AND SPACE 142 00:08:33,190 --> 00:08:34,909 EXPLORATION. 143 00:08:34,909 --> 00:08:38,729 AND THAT IS WHY IT IS SO IMPORTANT THAT NASA IS WORKING 144 00:08:38,729 --> 00:08:43,500 TO PURSUE INNOVATIVE WAYS TO INCREASE ACCESS TO AND 145 00:08:43,500 --> 00:08:49,980 INTEREST IN STEM FIELDS AND WORKING WITH GRANTEE INSTITUTIONS. 146 00:08:49,980 --> 00:08:53,740 THEIR BENEFICIARIES AND OTHER STAKEHOLDERS TO REALIZE 147 00:08:53,740 --> 00:08:57,199 THAT THE BENEFITS OF OUR SHARED INTERESTS IN STEM 148 00:08:57,199 --> 00:09:02,380 EXCELLENT, EQUAL OPPORTUNITY, DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION, 149 00:09:02,380 --> 00:09:07,510 BECAUSE THIS IS NOT JUST AN ISSUE, IT'S AN ECONOMIC 150 00:09:07,510 --> 00:09:12,270 ISSUE, IT'S ABOUT THE COMPETITIVENESS OF OUR ENTIRE 151 00:09:12,270 --> 00:09:13,270 NATION. 152 00:09:13,270 --> 00:09:17,600 STEM INITIATIVES LIKE THIS ARE CRUCIAL TO THE FUTURE OF 153 00:09:17,600 --> 00:09:21,440 INNOVATION IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE WORLD. 154 00:09:21,440 --> 00:09:29,529 RESEARCH SHOWS THAT WOMEN AND UNDERREPRESENTED MINORITIES WHO, BY 2050 COMPRISE MORE THAN 155 00:09:29,529 --> 00:09:33,050 SIX PERCENT OF THE POPULATION, ARE DISPROPORTIONATELY 156 00:09:33,050 --> 00:09:38,540 LOST AT EVERY TRANSITION POINT IN THEIR STEM STUDIES. 157 00:09:38,540 --> 00:09:40,430 AND AT RESEARCH CAREERS. 158 00:09:40,430 --> 00:09:45,389 I STRONGLY FEEL THAT THE FUTURE SUCCESS OF OUR NATION 159 00:09:45,389 --> 00:09:47,600 IS DEPENDENT UPON OUR ABILITY TO INNOVATE. 160 00:09:47,600 --> 00:09:54,220 AND OUR ABILITY TO INNOVATE IS DIRECTLY TIED TO FEDERAL 161 00:09:54,220 --> 00:09:59,300 RESEARCH EFFORTS AND OUR SUCCESS IN STEM EDUCATION. 162 00:09:59,300 --> 00:10:02,420 I THINK AND APPLAUD ALL OF YOU FOR BEING PART OF 163 00:10:02,420 --> 00:10:06,270 TODAY'S CONVERSATION AND TO ENCOURAGE YOU TO CONTINUE 164 00:10:06,270 --> 00:10:10,630 THESE CONVERSATIONS SO THAT WE CAN MAKE SURE THAT THE 165 00:10:10,630 --> 00:10:13,670 UNITED STATES REMAINS THE TECHNOLOGY LEADER OF THE 166 00:10:13,670 --> 00:10:17,199 WORLD AND THAT EVERY DEMOGRAPHIC GROUP IN OUR GREAT 167 00:10:17,199 --> 00:10:22,040 NATION HAS THE SAME OPPORTUNITY TO BE A PART OF THAT 168 00:10:22,040 --> 00:10:23,040 FUTURE. 169 00:10:23,040 --> 00:10:25,160 >>> WELCOME TO WASHINGTON DC AND WELCOMED TO NASA'S 170 00:10:25,160 --> 00:10:26,160 MISSION STEM. 171 00:10:26,160 --> 00:10:27,160 WE ARE GLAD YOU ARE HERE. 172 00:10:27,160 --> 00:10:30,180 THIS IS AN IMPORTANT SUBJECT TO BE FOCUSED ON, THAT 173 00:10:30,180 --> 00:10:33,680 QUESTION OF HOW TO REOPEN UP STEM FIELDS TO EVERYBODY? 174 00:10:33,680 --> 00:10:36,519 NASA NEEDS OUR BEST AND BRIGHTEST AND IF WE ARE 175 00:10:36,519 --> 00:10:39,430 EXCLUDING CERTAIN PEOPLE BECAUSE OF WHERE THEY'RE FROM 176 00:10:39,430 --> 00:10:42,339 OR THEIR RACE OR THEIR SEX, WE ARE LOSING OUT ON 177 00:10:42,339 --> 00:10:45,620 POTENTIAL PEOPLE WHO COULD BE A KEY PART OF ASIANS IN 178 00:10:45,620 --> 00:10:49,040 THE FUTURE OR DISCOVERY IN THE FUTURE OR FINDING CURES 179 00:10:49,040 --> 00:10:50,120 IN THE FUTURE. 180 00:10:50,120 --> 00:10:52,259 SO WE HAVE TO CONTINUALLY ASK A QUESTION OF HOW DO WE 181 00:10:52,259 --> 00:10:56,180 OPEN UP STEM FIELDS TO EVERYBODY, FINDING THOSE BEST 182 00:10:56,180 --> 00:10:59,889 AND BRIGHTEST GEMS AND YOUNG PEOPLE WHO CAN RISE UP TO 183 00:10:59,889 --> 00:11:02,010 BE A PART OF NASA INTO THE FUTURE? 184 00:11:02,010 --> 00:11:04,620 I HAD THE PRIVILEGE JUST A FEW WEEKS AGO TO BE IN ST. 185 00:11:04,620 --> 00:11:09,630 LOUIS AT THE WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP OF THE FIRST COMPETITION IN ROBOTICS. 186 00:11:09,630 --> 00:11:12,310 I HAD THE GREAT PRIVILEGE OF BEING LED AROUND BY A 187 00:11:12,310 --> 00:11:14,589 COUPLE OF YOUNG WOMEN WHO ARE PART OF TEAMS FOR MY 188 00:11:14,589 --> 00:11:18,389 DISTRICT READ ONE, ANNIE HUBBARD, WHO IS FROM OSWEGO; 189 00:11:18,389 --> 00:11:20,840 ALLIE BALDWIN WHO IS FROM SAINT CHARLESTON. 190 00:11:20,840 --> 00:11:23,810 THEY TOOK ME AROUND TO SHOW ME THEIR PROJECTS WITH 191 00:11:23,810 --> 00:11:27,301 ROBOTICS BUT I WAS ABLE TO HEAR FROM THEM THAT JUST A 192 00:11:27,301 --> 00:11:30,670 FEW YEARS AGO THEY HAD NO INTEREST IN ENGINEERING. 193 00:11:30,670 --> 00:11:33,970 BUT BECAUSE THEY WERE INTRODUCED TO ENGINEERING IN STEM 194 00:11:33,970 --> 00:11:37,400 FIELDS THROUGH ROBOTICS, NOW THEY'RE LOOKING TO STUDY 195 00:11:37,400 --> 00:11:39,970 THIS IN COLLEGE AND HOPEFULLY, HAVE A CAREER IN 196 00:11:39,970 --> 00:11:43,350 ENGINEERING OR AEROSPACE, AERONAUTICS, OTHER THINGS 197 00:11:43,350 --> 00:11:44,350 LIKE THAT. 198 00:11:44,350 --> 00:11:47,329 AND HE IS GOING TO BE GOING WITH A SCHOLARSHIP TO THE 199 00:11:47,329 --> 00:11:50,220 UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA TO STUDY AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING 200 00:11:50,220 --> 00:11:53,180 AND ALLEY IS LOOKING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEER FOR 201 00:11:53,180 --> 00:11:54,190 ENGINEERING. 202 00:11:54,190 --> 00:11:57,720 SO YOU SEE HOW CAPTURING, SPARKING THAT INTEREST AT AN 203 00:11:57,720 --> 00:12:00,500 EARLY AGE IS WHAT MAKES THE DIFFERENCE. 204 00:12:00,500 --> 00:12:02,610 FOR THEM, IT WAS FRESHMAN, SOPHOMORE YEARS OF HIGH 205 00:12:02,610 --> 00:12:03,610 SCHOOL. 206 00:12:03,610 --> 00:12:05,000 SOMETIMES IT'S EARLIER THAN THAT BUT WE HAVE TO MAKE 207 00:12:05,000 --> 00:12:06,490 SURE WE DO NOT MISS ANYBODY. 208 00:12:06,490 --> 00:12:07,600 WE NEED YOUR HELP. 209 00:12:07,600 --> 00:12:10,120 WE NEED TO REACH OUT TO THESE YOUNG PEOPLE TO LET THEM 210 00:12:10,120 --> 00:12:12,480 KNOW THAT WE ARE DEPENDING ON THEM. 211 00:12:12,480 --> 00:12:13,770 NASA IS DEPENDING ON THEM. 212 00:12:13,770 --> 00:12:16,630 >> THANK YOU FOR THE INVITATION TO BE WITH YOU TODAY. 213 00:12:16,630 --> 00:12:19,389 THIS IS SUCH AN IMPORTANT CONVERSATION AND I COMMEND 214 00:12:19,389 --> 00:12:23,520 YOU FOR WORKING TO MAKE SCIENCE TRULY INCLUSIVE. 215 00:12:23,520 --> 00:12:27,320 BUT INCLUSIVE MEANS MORE THAN HAVING YOUR WOMEN AND 216 00:12:27,320 --> 00:12:30,759 MORE PEOPLE OF DIVERSITY WORKING IN SCIENCE. 217 00:12:30,759 --> 00:12:34,800 IT ALSO MEANS HAVING AN ENVIRONMENT THAT IS HOSPITABLE 218 00:12:34,800 --> 00:12:39,560 FOR THOSE WHO ARE BEING INVITED TO JOIN IN THE 219 00:12:39,560 --> 00:12:40,600 CONVERSATION. 220 00:12:40,600 --> 00:12:43,140 I HAVE BEEN FIGHTING SEXUAL ASSAULT IN THE MILITARY AND 221 00:12:43,140 --> 00:12:45,660 ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES FOR YEARS. 222 00:12:45,660 --> 00:12:49,760 AND I HAVE SEEN THE SAME PATTERN OVER AND OVER AGAIN. 223 00:12:49,760 --> 00:12:52,410 TYPICALLY, PREDATORS ARE IN ENVIRONMENTS WHERE THERE IS 224 00:12:52,410 --> 00:12:55,389 A CLOSED INSTITUTION, WHERE THERE IS A SEPARATE CODE OF 225 00:12:55,389 --> 00:12:59,589 CONDUCT, SO THEY HAVE LOTS OF POWER TO SWEEP CASES 226 00:12:59,589 --> 00:13:01,519 UNDER THE PROVERBIAL RUG. 227 00:13:01,519 --> 00:13:06,310 OFTEN, IT IS SIX OR SEVEN TIMES BEFORE A PREDATOR IS 228 00:13:06,310 --> 00:13:07,930 ACTUALLY CAUGHT. 229 00:13:07,930 --> 00:13:11,660 BECAUSE EVERYONE BELIEVES THE INCIDENT TO BE IN 230 00:13:11,660 --> 00:13:12,660 OUTLIER. 231 00:13:12,660 --> 00:13:17,480 WELL, SURVIVORS, OFTEN GRADUATE STUDENTS AND POSTDOCS, 232 00:13:17,480 --> 00:13:23,980 LOSING YEARS OF RESEARCH, THEIR FUNDING, THEIR CONFIDENCE AND OFTEN THEY ABANDON THE FIELD 233 00:13:23,980 --> 00:13:25,480 ALTOGETHER. 234 00:13:25,480 --> 00:13:27,589 AND THOSE CAREERS. 235 00:13:27,589 --> 00:13:31,170 TAKE THE ACTIONS OF PROFESSOR TIM SLATER WHO ENGAGED IN 236 00:13:31,170 --> 00:13:35,670 TRULY DISGUSTING HARASSMENT GRADUATE STUDENTS HE WAS 237 00:13:35,670 --> 00:13:36,670 ADVISING. 238 00:13:36,670 --> 00:13:40,410 BY TELLING THEM THEY WOULD TEACH BETTER WITHOUT UNDERWEAR. 239 00:13:40,410 --> 00:13:43,319 AND REQUIRING THEM TO MEET HIM FOR OFFICE HOURS AT A 240 00:13:43,319 --> 00:13:44,480 STRIP CLUB. 241 00:13:44,480 --> 00:13:48,639 THERE WERE NO CONSEQUENCES FOR HIS ACTIONS ASIDE FROM 242 00:13:48,639 --> 00:13:50,610 SENSITIVITY TRAINING. 243 00:13:50,610 --> 00:13:54,440 AND THE REPORT OF HIS MALFEASANCE WAS SEALED. 244 00:13:54,440 --> 00:13:56,860 HE NOW HOLDS AN ENDOWED CHARITY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF 245 00:13:56,860 --> 00:14:01,079 WYOMING WHERE UNIVERSITY OF OFFICIALS WERE UNAWARE OF 246 00:14:01,079 --> 00:14:04,079 THE GRAVITY OF HIS BEHAVIOR BEFORE HIRING THEM. 247 00:14:04,079 --> 00:14:07,200 NOW HE SAYS HE IS NOW REFORMED. 248 00:14:07,200 --> 00:14:10,980 THE STUDENTS HE HARASSED LOST YEARS OF WORK AND MANY OF 249 00:14:10,980 --> 00:14:13,270 THEM LEFT THE FIELD. 250 00:14:13,270 --> 00:14:17,240 THE JEFF MARCY AND JASON LEAD CASES WERE SIMILAR. 251 00:14:17,240 --> 00:14:20,879 FEDERAL FUNDING AGENCIES AND UNIVERSITIES NEED TO STAND 252 00:14:20,879 --> 00:14:26,810 UP FOR SURVIVORS AND STOP FUNDING AND HIRING HARASSERS. 253 00:14:26,810 --> 00:14:32,930 THAT'S WHY I'M WORKING ON LEGISLATURES ACT. 254 00:14:32,930 --> 00:14:46,470 THIS WILL BILL WILL REQUIRE FACULTIES – SEXUAL ASSAULT 255 00:14:46,470 --> 00:14:47,470 AND HARASSMENT. 256 00:14:47,470 --> 00:14:50,009 >> SUCCESSFUL – IT'S REALLY JUST ONE EXAMPLE OF THE 257 00:14:50,009 --> 00:14:53,329 ASTONISHING WINS THAT OUR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS CAN 258 00:14:53,329 --> 00:14:56,160 ACHIEVE FROM EXPLORING OUR SOLAR SYSTEM TO EXPLORING 259 00:14:56,160 --> 00:14:57,470 OUR OWN PLANET. 260 00:14:57,470 --> 00:15:02,310 AND EVEN LAUNCHING HUMANS INTO THE UNFORGIVING ENVIRONMENT OF SPACE. 261 00:15:02,310 --> 00:15:05,490 HOW ARE STEM PROFESSIONAL AND THE ONES – GET US THERE. 262 00:15:05,490 --> 00:15:08,350 THEY ENABLE US TO MAKE THOSE GREAT LEAPS. 263 00:15:08,350 --> 00:15:14,230 IN SCIENTIFIC INVASION IS THE PRODUCT NOT ONLY OF HARD 264 00:15:14,230 --> 00:15:18,300 WORK, BUT IT IS BRINGING TOGETHER ALL THE JEWS OF – 265 00:15:18,300 --> 00:15:20,899 THAT'S WHY IT'S CRITICAL TO PUT STRUCTURES IN PLACE AT 266 00:15:20,899 --> 00:15:26,610 INCREASING NUMBER OF UNDERREPRESENTED IN AND ORTIZ AND 267 00:15:26,610 --> 00:15:27,610 WOMEN IN THE STEM FIELD. 268 00:15:27,610 --> 00:15:29,180 NOW THE GOAL OF INCREASING DIVERSITY IN THE STEM FIELD 269 00:15:29,180 --> 00:15:31,680 ISN'T JUST ONE OF ETHICS AND MORALITY. 270 00:15:31,680 --> 00:15:34,379 IT'S ALSO A RENTED AND PRACTICAL ROLE. 271 00:15:34,379 --> 00:15:38,490 THERE IS NO ONE TYPE OF SCIENTIST ENGINEER OR 272 00:15:38,490 --> 00:15:40,529 MATHEMATICIAN AND BRINGING THOSE DIVERSE INTO OUR 273 00:15:40,529 --> 00:15:41,529 AGENCIES AND BUSINESSES STRENGTHENS THE WORK THAT THOSE 274 00:15:41,529 --> 00:15:43,050 ORGANIZATIONS ARE DOING. 275 00:15:43,050 --> 00:15:49,899 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HAVE IMMENSE CAPABILITIES TO DO 276 00:15:49,899 --> 00:15:56,060 AMAZING THINGS AND WE MUST ENSURE THAT WE ARE USING ALL 277 00:15:56,060 --> 00:15:59,480 THE BRAINPOWER AND INGENUITY THAT IS AVAILABLE TO US. 278 00:15:59,480 --> 00:16:05,231 I INCREASING THE RIGHTS OF THE TRULY STEM WORKFORCE IN 279 00:16:05,231 --> 00:16:10,339 F8 ARE SPIRIT OUR TEAMS WILL BENEFIT. 280 00:16:10,339 --> 00:16:12,610 WE'VE SEEN EFFORTS TO INCREASE DIVERSITY SINCE MY TIME 281 00:16:12,610 --> 00:16:14,400 BACK IN THE 80S. 282 00:16:14,400 --> 00:16:20,980 BUT TODAY, 84 PERCENT OF STEM RELATED JOBS IN THIS 283 00:16:20,980 --> 00:16:25,589 COUNTRY ARE FILLED BY WIDER ASIAN AMERICAN. 284 00:16:25,589 --> 00:16:27,520 WE NEED TO BRING THE PERSPECTIVE, PROBLEM SOLVING 285 00:16:27,520 --> 00:16:28,990 SKILLS AND RESOURCEFULNESS OF MINORITIES AND WOMEN 286 00:16:28,990 --> 00:16:31,990 RIGHT TO THE TABLE SO WE CAN CONTINUE TO SOLVE THE 287 00:16:31,990 --> 00:16:37,360 PROBLEM THAT OF CAPTAIN AMERICA ON THE FOREFRONT OF 288 00:16:37,360 --> 00:16:38,500 SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION. 289 00:16:38,500 --> 00:16:41,350 GOOD LUCK IN YOUR WORK. 290 00:16:41,350 --> 00:16:44,319 THANK YOU, VERY MUCH HIGH EVERYONE. 291 00:16:44,319 --> 00:16:47,199 I WISH I COULD BE THERE WITH YOU AT NASA'S FIRST 292 00:16:47,199 --> 00:16:49,160 MISSION STEM SUMMIT. 293 00:16:49,160 --> 00:16:51,800 DIVERSITY IS ESSENTIAL TO THE FREE FLOW OF INFORMATION 294 00:16:51,800 --> 00:16:54,699 AND THE EXCHANGE OF GROUNDBREAKING IDEAS. 295 00:16:54,699 --> 00:16:58,040 I APPLAUD THE MISSION STEM PROGRAM FOR WORKING TO 296 00:16:58,040 --> 00:17:02,170 ENSURE DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION WITHIN NASA. 297 00:17:02,170 --> 00:17:05,730 THE THEME OF THIS CONFERENCE, EATING THE NATIONS STEM 298 00:17:05,730 --> 00:17:09,460 CHALLENGES, IS AN ISSUE THAT I AM WORKING TO TACKLE IN 299 00:17:09,460 --> 00:17:10,570 THE SENATE. 300 00:17:10,570 --> 00:17:13,100 HOW CAN WE GET MORE WOMEN AND MINORITIES INTERESTED IN 301 00:17:13,100 --> 00:17:15,080 STEM FIELDS? 302 00:17:15,080 --> 00:17:17,660 HOW DO WE ENCOURAGE YOUNG PEOPLE TO PURSUE TRAINING AND 303 00:17:17,660 --> 00:17:21,730 CAREERS IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND MATH FIELDS? 304 00:17:21,730 --> 00:17:24,560 THESE ARE QUESTIONS THAT AFFECT ALL OF US AS WE SHIFT 305 00:17:24,560 --> 00:17:27,090 TO AN INNOVATION-BASED ECONOMY. 306 00:17:27,090 --> 00:17:30,050 I AM CONFIDENT THAT YOU'LL WALK AWAY FROM THE SUMMIT OR 307 00:17:30,050 --> 00:17:33,720 IN LIGHT WHENEVER AND HOPE YOU ENJOY THE NEXT TWO DAYS. 308 00:17:33,720 --> 00:17:38,700 THANK YOU. 309 00:17:38,700 --> 00:17:40,080 GOOD MORNING EVERYONE. 310 00:17:40,080 --> 00:17:43,530 HELLO, HOW ARE YOU DOING? 311 00:17:43,530 --> 00:17:49,330 WE ARE HERE TO RUN TWO DAYS OF THE MOST IMPORTANT CONVERSATION I CAN THINK OF. 312 00:17:49,330 --> 00:17:50,520 IT'S CRITICALLY IMPORTANT. 313 00:17:50,520 --> 00:17:53,650 DIVERSITY, INCLUSION AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITY IN THE STEM 314 00:17:53,650 --> 00:17:54,650 FIELDS. 315 00:17:54,650 --> 00:17:57,570 IN MANY WAYS, WE ARE GATHERED HERE TO TALK ABOUT HOW WE 316 00:17:57,570 --> 00:18:00,600 GO FROM HERE TO HERE? 317 00:18:00,600 --> 00:18:02,340 RIGHT NOW WE ARE ONLY PROGRESSING AT THIS RATE. 318 00:18:02,340 --> 00:18:04,010 HOW DO WE GO FROM HERE TO HERE? 319 00:18:04,010 --> 00:18:09,080 A MAJOR STEP CHANGE AND WHY HAS IT BEEN SO SLOW? 320 00:18:09,080 --> 00:18:12,710 WE KNOW WITH THE NUMBER – THE NUMBERS ARE NOT WHAT WE 321 00:18:12,710 --> 00:18:13,710 WANT THEM TO BE. 322 00:18:13,710 --> 00:18:15,280 WE ARE ALL WORKING ON THIS. 323 00:18:15,280 --> 00:18:16,970 WE ARE COMMITTED. 324 00:18:16,970 --> 00:18:20,690 THE STATISTICS AND WELCOMING REMARKS, BUT I WANT TO 325 00:18:20,690 --> 00:18:24,650 REMIND US THAT IN 2013, IN THE UNITED STATES WOMEN 326 00:18:24,650 --> 00:18:27,900 ACCOUNTED FOR 25 PERCENT OF EARNED DOCTORATE DEGREES IN 327 00:18:31,380 --> 00:18:28,900 ENGINEERING. 328 00:18:31,380 --> 00:18:32,680 I'M IN AEROSPACE ENGINEER. 329 00:18:32,680 --> 00:18:36,200 ISN'T THIS WHAT ALL ROCKET SCIENTIST LOOK LIKE? 330 00:18:36,200 --> 00:18:38,720 SO WHY ARE OUR NUMBERS POOR? 331 00:18:38,720 --> 00:18:43,020 AFRICAN-AMERICAN LESSON FIVE PERCENT AND HISPANICS ARE 332 00:18:43,020 --> 00:18:45,630 ALSO LESS THAN FIVE PERCENT. 333 00:18:45,630 --> 00:18:50,440 HERE AT NASA, WE ARE 23 PERCENT ENGINEERING WOMEN AND 334 00:18:50,440 --> 00:18:53,720 20 PERCENT WOMEN IN THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES. 335 00:18:53,720 --> 00:18:55,160 THAT'S NOT GOOD ENOUGH. 336 00:18:55,160 --> 00:18:56,160 CALL IT WHAT IT IS. 337 00:18:56,160 --> 00:18:57,800 WE ARE LOOKING FOR PARITY. 338 00:18:57,800 --> 00:19:00,690 HOW CAN WE REALLY MAKE THESE STEP CHANGES? 339 00:19:00,690 --> 00:19:04,790 THE GOOD NEWS IS DOCTORAL ENGINEERING HAS DOUBLED IN 340 00:19:04,790 --> 00:19:05,890 THE US. 341 00:19:05,890 --> 00:19:08,310 WE CAN SAY THAT THAT IS PROGRESS. 342 00:19:08,310 --> 00:19:12,670 BUT FOR UNDERREPRESENTED POPULATIONS, EVEN EXPONENTIAL 343 00:19:12,670 --> 00:19:18,290 ONES, TO REACH PARITY, THE 30 PERCENT FOR UNDERREPRESENTED POPULATIONS, IT WILL TAKE 344 00:19:18,290 --> 00:19:20,710 UNTIL 2130. 345 00:19:20,710 --> 00:19:23,610 I WON'T BE ALIVE. 346 00:19:23,610 --> 00:19:25,370 WE ARE GOING TO MARS. 347 00:19:25,370 --> 00:19:28,130 BOOTS ON MARS AS YOU HEARD THE BEEN A STRAIGHTER SAY WE 348 00:19:28,130 --> 00:19:29,950 NEED TO TAKE EVERYONE WITH US. 349 00:19:29,950 --> 00:19:33,240 SO I DID A SECOND FIT JUST TO SEE IF I COULD INCREASE 350 00:19:33,240 --> 00:19:35,160 MY DATA LITTLE BIT. 2150. 351 00:19:35,160 --> 00:19:39,640 WE WILL BE ON MARS BEFORE WE REACH PARITY IF WE DO NOT 352 00:19:39,640 --> 00:19:41,600 DO SOMETHING AND THAT IS WHY WE ARE HERE TOGETHER. 353 00:19:41,600 --> 00:19:44,160 WE'RE HERE TOGETHER BECAUSE THERE ARE GREAT PROMISING 354 00:19:44,160 --> 00:19:45,350 PRACTICES OUT THERE. 355 00:19:45,350 --> 00:19:48,440 SOME FOLKS ARE DOING EXCEPTIONAL JOBS, BUT WE NEED TO 356 00:19:48,440 --> 00:19:49,510 SHARE THOSE. 357 00:19:49,510 --> 00:19:52,250 WE NEED TO ALL BE IN THIS TOGETHER AND FRANKLY, WE JUST 358 00:19:52,250 --> 00:19:55,000 NEED TO LOOK FOR THAT STEP CHANGE TO MAKE CHANGE AND 359 00:19:55,000 --> 00:19:56,850 MAKE OUR GOALS TO SAY WE CAN DO THIS. 360 00:19:56,850 --> 00:19:59,200 WE CAN DO THIS WITHIN THE DECADE, BUT WE ARE GOING TO 361 00:19:59,200 --> 00:20:00,200 DO IT TOGETHER. 362 00:20:00,200 --> 00:20:03,450 WHY IS IT SO CRITICAL TO NASA? 363 00:20:03,450 --> 00:20:04,450 OUR DOORS ARE OPEN. 364 00:20:04,450 --> 00:20:05,450 THIS IS THE PIPELINE. 365 00:20:05,450 --> 00:20:07,750 THAT'S WHY I CARE SO DEEPLY ABOUT THAT. 366 00:20:07,750 --> 00:20:08,750 CHANGING THAT. 367 00:20:08,750 --> 00:20:12,210 OPENING OUR DOORS UP AND BRINGING EVERYONE IN. 368 00:20:12,210 --> 00:20:14,080 WE ALSO KNOW IT GOES BEYOND THE NUMBERS. 369 00:20:14,080 --> 00:20:15,780 IT'S THE UNCONSCIOUS BIAS. 370 00:20:15,780 --> 00:20:19,490 IT HAS SERIOUS NEGATIVE IMPACTS ON WHO PURSUES DEGREES 371 00:20:27,150 --> 00:20:20,920 IN STEM. 372 00:20:27,150 --> 00:20:31,010 WE JUST HEARD AND WE KNOW ABOUT THE TROUBLING SEXUAL-HARASSMENT REPORTS. 373 00:20:31,010 --> 00:20:32,930 I WANT TO BE VERY CLEAR. 374 00:20:32,930 --> 00:20:36,420 SEXUAL-HARASSMENT IS A DENIAL OF EQUAL OPPORTUNITY IN 375 00:20:36,420 --> 00:20:39,530 OUR WORKFORCES, IN OUR UNIVERSITIES. 376 00:20:39,530 --> 00:20:41,850 FACULTY MEMBERS ENGAGING IN SEXUAL HARASSMENT, THEY ARE 377 00:20:41,850 --> 00:20:45,220 DENYING EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES IN EDUCATION. 378 00:20:45,220 --> 00:20:49,580 IT'S NOT JUST SEXUAL-HARASSMENT, THERE IS ALSO 379 00:20:49,580 --> 00:20:53,830 HARASSMENT ON RACE, NATIONAL ORIGIN, DISABILITY, AND 380 00:20:53,830 --> 00:20:58,280 OTHER CHARACTERISTICS THAT ARE PART BY OUR LAWS. 381 00:20:58,280 --> 00:21:01,790 SO THAT IS WHY WE ARE HERE TO TALK ABOUT THIS, TO HAVE 382 00:21:01,790 --> 00:21:05,050 CANDID, OPEN AND FRANK CONVERSATION. 383 00:21:05,050 --> 00:21:06,070 WE ARE LOOKING FOR SOLUTIONS. 384 00:21:06,070 --> 00:21:09,080 WE ARE LOOKING AT THE INNOVATIONS OUT THERE AND WHAT 385 00:21:09,080 --> 00:21:11,300 ARE THE PROMISING PRACTICES THAT GO HAND-IN-HAND TO 386 00:21:11,300 --> 00:21:14,920 REALLY ACHIEVE, TO FINALLY ACHIEVE WHERE WE SEE PARITY 387 00:21:14,920 --> 00:21:18,520 IS, WHERE WE SEE ALL OF OURSELVES GOING READ I'VE 388 00:21:18,520 --> 00:21:20,930 CHANGE THE CONVERSATION A LITTLE BIT AND I ACTUALLY 389 00:21:20,930 --> 00:21:22,430 CALL IT STEM. 390 00:21:22,430 --> 00:21:25,600 I THINK WE CAN HAVE AN IMPACT IN THE STEM FIELD, BUT WE 391 00:21:25,600 --> 00:21:28,150 NEED TO BE MORE INCLUSIVE AND SO I ACTUALLY INCLUDE THE 392 00:21:28,150 --> 00:21:31,720 ARTS BECAUSE EVERY GIRL AND BOY THAT I TALKED TO, I SAY 393 00:21:31,720 --> 00:21:32,780 YOU ARE THE VISIONARIES. 394 00:21:32,780 --> 00:21:34,320 YOU ARE THE STORYTELLERS. 395 00:21:34,320 --> 00:21:35,320 >>> GOOD MORNING. I AM BRAD EMANUEL. 396 00:21:35,320 --> 00:21:36,320 AND I WOULD LIKE TO WELCOME YOU TO THE VERY FIRST 397 00:21:36,320 --> 00:21:37,320 MISSIONSTEM SUMMIT 2016. WE ARE PLEASED TO HAVE SOMEBODY ASSOCIATES 398 00:21:37,320 --> 00:21:38,320 WITH US. BOTH HERE AND PERSON AS WELL AS VIRTUALLY. 399 00:21:38,320 --> 00:21:39,320 AS MANY OF YOU MAY KNOW, NASA HAS FOR MANY YEARS 400 00:21:39,320 --> 00:21:40,320 CONDUCTED COMPLIANT REVIEW PROGRAMS TO BETTER ENSURE 401 00:21:40,320 --> 00:21:41,320 THAT OUR GRANTEES ARE OFFERING EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES TO 402 00:21:41,320 --> 00:21:42,320 THEIR BENEFICIARIES OF THESE BE STUDENTS IN NASA FUNDED 403 00:21:42,320 --> 00:21:43,320 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATH OR STEM 404 00:21:43,320 --> 00:21:44,320 VISITORS TO VISIT VISITOR PLANETARIUMS ACROSS THE 405 00:21:44,320 --> 00:21:45,320 NATION. 406 00:21:45,320 --> 00:21:46,320 AS OUR PROGRAMMING CHORES, WE SOUGHT TO HEIGHTEN OUR 407 00:21:46,320 --> 00:21:47,320 EFFORTS BY PROVIDING A MECHANISM FOR TOUCHING ALL OF 408 00:21:47,320 --> 00:21:48,320 OUR GRANTEES. THUS THE CREATION OF THE MISSIONSTEM WEBSITE. 409 00:21:48,320 --> 00:21:49,320 MISSIONSTEM IS – UNDER THE NATION'S CIVIL RIGHTS LAWS 410 00:21:49,320 --> 00:21:50,320 AND TO ENHANCE THEIR DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION EFFORTS. 411 00:21:50,320 --> 00:21:51,320 OVER THE PAST FOUR YEARS, THE MISSIONSTEM WEBSITE HAS 412 00:21:51,320 --> 00:21:52,320 SERVED AS MANY THINGS. AMONG THEM, A CATALYST FOR CHANGE, A VEHICLE 413 00:21:52,320 --> 00:21:53,320 FOR HIGHLIGHTING BEST PRACTICES, AND A CLEARINGHOUSE 414 00:21:53,320 --> 00:21:54,320 FOR INFORMATION CRITICAL TO EQUAL OPPORTUNITY 415 00:21:54,320 --> 00:21:55,320 AND DIVERSITY EFFORTS IN STEM. 416 00:21:55,320 --> 00:21:56,320 TODAY WE BRING YOU OUR GRANT RECIPIENTS, TOGETHER TO 417 00:21:56,320 --> 00:21:57,320 BRING – AND TO BEGIN AN INTERACTIVE DIALOGUE WITH NASA 418 00:21:57,320 --> 00:21:58,320 THAT WE BELIEVE IS THE NEXT LOGICAL STEP IN OUR EFFORTS 419 00:21:58,320 --> 00:21:59,320 TO CREATE DIVERSITY IN STEM AND TO PROVIDE MORE 420 00:21:59,320 --> 00:22:00,320 INCLUSIVE STEM PROGRAM ENVIRONMENTS. 421 00:22:00,320 --> 00:22:01,320 WE WANT THIS TO BE A RICH AND THOUGHTFUL CONVERSATION THAT CAN LEAD US TO REAL-WORLD PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS 422 00:22:01,320 --> 00:22:02,320 TO THE CHALLENGES CONFRONTING US IN STEM. 423 00:22:02,320 --> 00:22:03,320 IT IS OUR INTENTION TO OFFER VALUABLE INFORMATION ON 424 00:22:03,320 --> 00:22:04,320 NASA'S WORKFORCE OF THE FUTURE, NASA GRANTS AND 425 00:22:04,320 --> 00:22:05,320 CONTRACTS, AND THE SPECIFIC WAYS IN WHICH CIVIL-RIGHTS 426 00:22:05,320 --> 00:22:06,320 COMPLIANCE PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN EFFORTS TO CREATE A 427 00:22:06,320 --> 00:22:07,320 MORE DIVERSE AND INCLUSIVE STEM COMMUNITY. WE ALSO WANT THIS TO BE A SHOWCASE FOR ALL 428 00:22:07,320 --> 00:22:08,320 THE GOOD WORK AND THE MANY PROMISING PRACTICES THAT 429 00:22:08,320 --> 00:22:09,320 YOUR INSTITUTIONS AND OTHER STAKEHOLDERS ARE ALREADY 430 00:22:09,320 --> 00:22:10,320 ENGAGING IN. THIS IS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR IDEA GENERATION, 431 00:22:10,320 --> 00:22:11,320 THROUGH AN INTENTIONAL AND DELIBERATE FOCUS ON EQUAL 432 00:22:11,320 --> 00:22:12,320 OPPORTUNITY AND DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION IN THE STEM FIELD. 433 00:22:12,320 --> 00:22:13,320 THIS IS WHY WE ARE HERE TODAY AND THIS IS THE WORK THAT 434 00:22:13,320 --> 00:22:14,320 ANY OF US HAVE BEEN DOING FOR A LONG TIME AND THIS IS A 435 00:22:14,320 --> 00:22:15,320 SETTING FOR COLLABORATIVE AGREEMENT. IT IS TIME FOR US TO TAKE BOLD STEPS TOGETHER. 436 00:22:15,320 --> 00:22:16,320 AGAIN, I WELCOME YOU TO THE MISSION STEM SUMMIT AND AT 437 00:22:16,320 --> 00:22:17,320 THIS TIME, WE WILL HEAR FROM THE NASA ADMINISTRATOR, CHARLIE ODEN. 438 00:22:17,320 --> 00:22:18,320 >> WELCOME TO THE FIRST EVER MISSIONSTEM SUMMIT. I WANT TO SAY HOW PROUD I AM OF THE WORK THAT 439 00:22:18,320 --> 00:22:19,320 NASA HAS BEEN DOING IN THE FIELDS OF EQUAL OPPORTUNITY, 440 00:22:19,320 --> 00:22:20,320 DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION IN STEM AND ALSO HOW SAD I AM 441 00:22:20,320 --> 00:22:21,320 AND SORRY THAT I CANNOT BE HERE TODAY BECAUSE I THINK 442 00:22:21,320 --> 00:22:22,320 IT IS GOING TO BE INCREDIBLE. WE ARE MAKING GREAT STRIDES, BUT WE RECOGNIZE 443 00:22:22,320 --> 00:22:23,320 THAT THERE IS STILL MUCH TO DO. 444 00:22:23,320 --> 00:22:24,320 TODAY, WE ARE TAKING ANOTHER IMPORTANT STEP IN OUR 445 00:22:24,320 --> 00:22:25,320 SHARED JOURNEY TOWARD MORE DIVERSE STEM ACADEMIC AND 446 00:22:25,320 --> 00:22:26,320 WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENTS. 447 00:22:26,320 --> 00:22:27,320 THIS BENEFITS NASA. OUR MANY GRANT RECIPIENT INSTITUTIONS AND 448 00:22:27,320 --> 00:22:28,320 OUR ENTIRE NATION. 449 00:22:28,320 --> 00:22:29,320 WE SEEK THIS DIVERSITY AND THE INCLUSIVE PRACTICE TO 450 00:22:29,320 --> 00:22:30,320 SUPPORT IT BECAUSE THEY ARE CRITICAL TO THE NATION 451 00:22:30,320 --> 00:22:31,320 SCIENTIFIC AND ECONOMIC FUTURE. WE MUST ENSURE THAT EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES ARE 452 00:22:31,320 --> 00:22:32,320 BEING AFFORDED REGARDLESS OF ONE'S RACE, GENDER, 453 00:22:32,320 --> 00:22:33,320 OR OTHER LEGALLY PROTECTED STATUS. 454 00:22:33,320 --> 00:22:34,320 THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION DATA TELLS US THAT 455 00:22:34,320 --> 00:22:35,320 WOMEN ACCOUNT FOR ONLY 19 PERCENT OF ALL ENGINEERING AND PHYSICS DEGREES. 456 00:22:35,320 --> 00:22:36,320 AFRICAN AMERICANS ACCOUNT FOR ONLY FOUR PERCENT OF ALL 457 00:22:36,320 --> 00:22:37,320 ENGINEERING AND 2.4 PERCENT OF PHYSICS DEGREES. THESE DISPARITIES ARE OF GREAT CONCERN. 458 00:22:37,320 --> 00:22:38,320 AND WE, AS A NATION, CAN AND MUST DO BETTER. WE MUST NURTURE AND EMBRACE ALL OF THE TALENT 459 00:22:38,320 --> 00:22:39,320 THAT WE HAVE AVAILABLE TO US, BOTH TAPPED AND UNTAPPED. 460 00:22:39,320 --> 00:22:40,320 AS A WORLD LEADER IN SCIENCE, AERONAUTICS, SPACE 461 00:22:40,320 --> 00:22:41,320 EXPLORATION AND TECH KNOWLEDGE HE, NASA CANNOT AFFORD 462 00:22:41,320 --> 00:22:42,320 TO DO ANYTHING LESS. THIS AWESOME AND UNPRECEDENTED NATURE OF THE 463 00:22:42,320 --> 00:22:43,320 MISSIONS WE UNDERTAKE DEMANDS TALENT FROM EVERY CORNER 464 00:22:43,320 --> 00:22:44,320 OF THE COUNTRY. 465 00:22:44,320 --> 00:22:45,320 FROM EVERY WALK OF LIFE. TALENT THAT REFLECTS A VAST DIVERSITY OF DISCIPLINE 466 00:22:45,320 --> 00:22:46,320 AND THOUGHT. 467 00:22:46,320 --> 00:22:47,320 WITHOUT THESE, WE CAN NEVER ACHIEVE THE KIND OF COMPLEX 468 00:22:47,320 --> 00:22:48,320 SOLUTIONS TO TECHNICAL PROBLEMS THAT WE NEED. TODAY, NASA IS ON A JOURNEY TO MARS THAT WILL 469 00:22:48,320 --> 00:22:49,320 PLACE HUMAN BEINGS ON ANOTHER BODY IN OUR SOLAR 470 00:22:49,320 --> 00:22:50,320 SYSTEM FOR ONLY THE SECOND TIME IN HISTORY. 471 00:22:50,320 --> 00:22:51,320 AFTER MORE THAN 40 YEARS WITHOUT HUMAN SPACE LIFE 472 00:22:51,320 --> 00:22:52,320 BEYOND OUR BORDERS. WE ARE EXTENDING THE HUMAN PRESENCE TO THE 473 00:22:52,320 --> 00:22:53,320 FARTHEST REACHES OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM WITH ROBOTIC ASIANS 474 00:22:53,320 --> 00:22:54,320 TO JUPITER, EUROPA AND PLUTO TO NAME A FEW. 475 00:22:54,320 --> 00:22:55,320 RIGHT HERE AT HOME WE ARE INVOLVED IN A HOST OF EFFORTS 476 00:22:55,320 --> 00:22:56,320 TO BETTER LIFE ON EARTH FROM GATHERING DATA ABOUT 477 00:22:56,320 --> 00:22:57,320 CLIMATE CHANGE TO DEVELOPING SAFER AIR TRAVEL TO HELP 478 00:22:57,320 --> 00:22:58,320 FIGHTING FOREST FIRES. TO DO ALL THESE AMAZING THINGS, OUR NATION 479 00:22:58,320 --> 00:22:59,320 NEEDS A VIBRANT, INNOVATIVE AND DIVERSE STEM COMMUNITY. 480 00:22:59,320 --> 00:23:00,320 THAT'S WHAT THIS SUMMIT IS ALL ABOUT. HELPING US TO DO A BETTER JOB OF DIVERSIFYING 481 00:23:00,320 --> 00:23:01,320 STEM, NURTURING THE TALENT WE HAVE, AND INSPIRING 482 00:23:01,320 --> 00:23:02,320 A NEW GENERATION. 483 00:23:02,320 --> 00:23:03,320 I CANNOT TELL YOU HOW PLEASED I AM AT THE TEAM WE HAVE 484 00:23:03,320 --> 00:23:04,320 GATHERED TO DO THIS. JOINING US OUR LEADERS FROM THE WHITE HOUSE, 485 00:23:04,320 --> 00:23:05,320 AND MEMBERS OF CONGRESS AND THEIR STAFFS. 486 00:23:05,320 --> 00:23:06,320 AS WELL AS TOP OFFICIALS FROM ACROSS GOVERNMENT, ACADEMIA, SCIENTIFIC CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS 487 00:23:06,320 --> 00:23:07,320 AND INDUSTRY. 488 00:23:07,320 --> 00:23:08,320 NOW, I WOULD LIKE TO SHARE WITH YOU AN IMPORTANT VIDEO 489 00:23:08,320 --> 00:23:09,320 MESSAGE FROM SEVERAL MEMBERS OF CONGRESS DOES ON 490 00:23:09,320 --> 00:23:10,320 PROMOTING STEM DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION AT ACADEMIC 491 00:23:10,320 --> 00:23:11,320 INSTITUTIONS AND IN THE WORK PLACE. AND HOW DOING SO CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE STRENGTH 492 00:23:11,320 --> 00:23:12,320 AND PRODUCT VIDEO OF THE AMERICAN WORKFORCE. 493 00:23:12,320 --> 00:23:13,320 NO MISTAKE ABOUT IT, THOUGH, LEADERSHIP FROM THE VERY 494 00:23:13,320 --> 00:23:14,320 TOP IS WHAT IS NEEDED TO REALIZE OUR OBJECTIVES AND 495 00:23:14,320 --> 00:23:15,320 THIS WE HAVE TODAY. THEREFORE, I WOULD LIKE TO THANK THESE MEMBERS, 496 00:23:15,320 --> 00:23:16,320 AS WELL AS THE MANY OTHER MEMBERS OF CONGRESS, WHO 497 00:23:16,320 --> 00:23:17,320 HAVE CONSISTENTLY SUPPORTED NASA'S STEM OUTREACH 498 00:23:17,320 --> 00:23:18,320 RECORDS. AFTER YOU HEAR FROM THE MEMBERS, I INVITE 499 00:23:18,320 --> 00:23:19,320 YOU TO BE SURE TO STRETCH YOUR PERSPECTIVE IT'S AT THIS 500 00:23:19,320 --> 00:23:20,320 EVENT. LEARNING COLLABORATE. 501 00:23:20,320 --> 00:23:21,320 ENJOY THE REST OF THESE EXCITING TWO DAYS ON THIS VERY 502 00:23:21,320 --> 00:23:22,320 CRITICAL TOPIC. >> AS A CONGRESSWOMAN – I'M CONGRESSMAN 503 00:23:22,320 --> 00:23:23,320 JOHNSON AND I LIKE TO WELCOME YOU TO THE FIRST NASA ASIAN 504 00:23:23,320 --> 00:23:24,320 STEM SUMMIT. 505 00:23:24,320 --> 00:23:25,320 FOR MY ENTIRE CAREER I HAVE CHAMPION POLICIES THAT 506 00:23:25,320 --> 00:23:26,320 ENCOURAGE WOMEN AND MEN IRONY STUDENTS TO OBTAIN 507 00:23:26,320 --> 00:23:27,320 ADVANCED DEGREES IN STEM, AS A RANKING MEMBER ON THE 508 00:23:27,320 --> 00:23:28,320 COMMITTEE OF SPACE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE FIRST AFRICAN-AMERICAN AND THE FIRST WOMAN TO HOLD 509 00:23:28,320 --> 00:23:29,320 THIS POSITION, I AM PUSHING FOR STEM EDUCATION 510 00:23:29,320 --> 00:23:30,320 AND BROADENING PARTICIPATION TO BE ON THE PRIORITY 511 00:23:30,320 --> 00:23:31,320 LIST OF ALL OF MY COLLEAGUES. 512 00:23:31,320 --> 00:23:32,320 I RECALL HOW A GENERATION WAS INSPIRED TO PURSUE 513 00:23:32,320 --> 00:23:33,320 CAREERS IN MATH AND SCIENCE THE CUSS OF THE SPACE RACE. 514 00:23:33,320 --> 00:23:34,320 STUDENTS ARE STILL INSPIRED BY ASTRONOMY AND SPACE 515 00:23:34,320 --> 00:23:35,320 EXPLORATION. AND THAT IS WHY IT IS SO IMPORTANT THAT NASA 516 00:23:35,320 --> 00:23:36,320 IS WORKING TO PURSUE INNOVATIVE WAYS TO INCREASE ACCESS 517 00:23:36,320 --> 00:23:37,320 TO AND INTEREST IN STEM FIELDS AND WORKING WITH GRANTEE 518 00:23:37,320 --> 00:23:38,320 INSTITUTIONS. THEIR BENEFICIARIES AND OTHER STAKEHOLDERS 519 00:23:38,320 --> 00:23:39,320 TO REALIZE THAT THE BENEFITS OF OUR SHARED INTERESTS 520 00:23:39,320 --> 00:23:40,320 IN STEM EXCELLENT, EQUAL OPPORTUNITY, DIVERSITY AND 521 00:23:40,320 --> 00:23:41,320 INCLUSION, BECAUSE THIS IS NOT JUST AN ISSUE, IT'S AN 522 00:23:41,320 --> 00:23:42,320 ECONOMIC ISSUE, IT'S ABOUT THE COMPETITIVENESS OF OUR 523 00:23:42,320 --> 00:23:43,320 ENTIRE NATION. 524 00:23:43,320 --> 00:23:44,320 STEM INITIATIVES LIKE THIS ARE CRUCIAL TO THE FUTURE OF 525 00:23:44,320 --> 00:23:45,320 INNOVATION IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE WORLD. RESEARCH SHOWS THAT WOMEN AND UNDERREPRESENTED 526 00:23:45,320 --> 00:23:46,320 MINORITIES WHO, BY 2050 COMPRISE MORE THAN SIX PERCENT 527 00:23:46,320 --> 00:23:47,320 OF THE POPULATION, ARE DISPROPORTIONATELY LOST AT EVERY 528 00:23:47,320 --> 00:23:48,320 TRANSITION POINT IN THEIR STEM STUDIES. AND AT RESEARCH CAREERS. 529 00:23:48,320 --> 00:23:49,320 I STRONGLY FEEL THAT THE FUTURE SUCCESS OF OUR NATION 530 00:23:49,320 --> 00:23:50,320 IS DEPENDENT UPON OUR ABILITY TO INNOVATE. AND OUR ABILITY TO INNOVATE IS DIRECTLY TIED 531 00:23:50,320 --> 00:23:51,320 TO FEDERAL RESEARCH EFFORTS AND OUR SUCCESS IN STEM EDUCATION. 532 00:23:51,320 --> 00:23:52,320 I THINK AND APPLAUD ALL OF YOU FOR BEING PART OF 533 00:23:52,320 --> 00:23:53,320 TODAY'S CONVERSATION AND TO ENCOURAGE YOU TO CONTINUE 534 00:23:53,320 --> 00:23:54,320 THESE CONVERSATIONS SO THAT WE CAN MAKE SURE THAT THE 535 00:23:54,320 --> 00:23:55,320 UNITED STATES REMAINS THE TECHNOLOGY LEADER OF THE 536 00:23:55,320 --> 00:23:56,320 WORLD AND THAT EVERY DEMOGRAPHIC GROUP IN OUR GREAT 537 00:23:56,320 --> 00:23:57,320 NATION HAS THE SAME OPPORTUNITY TO BE A PART OF THAT 538 00:23:57,320 --> 00:23:58,320 FUTURE. 539 00:23:58,320 --> 00:23:59,320 >>> WELCOME TO WASHINGTON DC AND WELCOMED TO NASA'S 540 00:23:59,320 --> 00:24:00,320 MISSION STEM. WE ARE GLAD YOU ARE HERE. 541 00:24:00,320 --> 00:24:01,320 THIS IS AN IMPORTANT SUBJECT TO BE FOCUSED ON, THAT 542 00:24:01,320 --> 00:24:02,320 QUESTION OF HOW TO REOPEN UP STEM FIELDS TO EVERYBODY? 543 00:24:02,320 --> 00:24:03,320 NASA NEEDS OUR BEST AND BRIGHTEST AND IF WE ARE 544 00:24:03,320 --> 00:24:04,320 EXCLUDING CERTAIN PEOPLE BECAUSE OF WHERE THEY'RE FROM 545 00:24:04,320 --> 00:24:05,320 OR THEIR RACE OR THEIR SEX, WE ARE LOSING OUT ON 546 00:24:05,320 --> 00:24:06,320 POTENTIAL PEOPLE WHO COULD BE A KEY PART OF ASIANS IN 547 00:24:06,320 --> 00:24:07,320 THE FUTURE OR DISCOVERY IN THE FUTURE OR FINDING CURES 548 00:24:07,320 --> 00:24:08,320 IN THE FUTURE. SO WE HAVE TO CONTINUALLY ASK A QUESTION OF 549 00:24:08,320 --> 00:24:09,320 HOW DO WE OPEN UP STEM FIELDS TO EVERYBODY, FINDING 550 00:24:09,320 --> 00:24:10,320 THOSE BEST AND BRIGHTEST GEMS AND YOUNG PEOPLE WHO CAN 551 00:24:10,320 --> 00:24:11,320 RISE UP TO BE A PART OF NASA INTO THE FUTURE? 552 00:24:11,320 --> 00:24:12,320 I HAD THE PRIVILEGE JUST A FEW WEEKS AGO TO BE IN ST. 553 00:24:12,320 --> 00:24:13,320 LOUIS AT THE WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP OF THE FIRST COMPETITION IN ROBOTICS. 554 00:24:13,320 --> 00:24:14,320 I HAD THE GREAT PRIVILEGE OF BEING LED AROUND BY A 555 00:24:14,320 --> 00:24:15,320 COUPLE OF YOUNG WOMEN WHO ARE PART OF TEAMS FOR MY 556 00:24:15,320 --> 00:24:16,320 DISTRICT READ ONE, ANNIE HUBBARD, WHO IS FROM OSWEGO; 557 00:24:16,320 --> 00:24:17,320 ALLIE BALDWIN WHO IS FROM SAINT CHARLESTON. THEY TOOK ME AROUND TO SHOW ME THEIR PROJECTS 558 00:24:17,320 --> 00:24:18,320 WITH ROBOTICS BUT I WAS ABLE TO HEAR FROM THEM 559 00:24:18,320 --> 00:24:19,320 THAT JUST A FEW YEARS AGO THEY HAD NO INTEREST IN ENGINEERING. 560 00:24:19,320 --> 00:24:20,320 BUT BECAUSE THEY WERE INTRODUCED TO ENGINEERING IN STEM 561 00:24:20,320 --> 00:24:21,320 FIELDS THROUGH ROBOTICS, NOW THEY'RE LOOKING TO STUDY 562 00:24:21,320 --> 00:24:22,320 THIS IN COLLEGE AND HOPEFULLY, HAVE A CAREER IN 563 00:24:22,320 --> 00:24:23,320 ENGINEERING OR AEROSPACE, AERONAUTICS, OTHER THINGS 564 00:24:23,320 --> 00:24:24,320 LIKE THAT. AND HE IS GOING TO BE GOING WITH A SCHOLARSHIP 565 00:24:24,320 --> 00:24:25,320 TO THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA TO STUDY AERONAUTICAL 566 00:24:25,320 --> 00:24:26,320 ENGINEERING AND ALLEY IS LOOKING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF 567 00:24:26,320 --> 00:24:27,320 ENGINEER FOR ENGINEERING. 568 00:24:27,320 --> 00:24:28,320 SO YOU SEE HOW CAPTURING, SPARKING THAT INTEREST AT AN 569 00:24:28,320 --> 00:24:29,320 EARLY AGE IS WHAT MAKES THE DIFFERENCE. FOR THEM, IT WAS FRESHMAN, SOPHOMORE YEARS 570 00:24:29,320 --> 00:24:30,320 OF HIGH SCHOOL. 571 00:24:30,320 --> 00:24:31,320 SOMETIMES IT'S EARLIER THAN THAT BUT WE HAVE TO MAKE 572 00:24:31,320 --> 00:24:32,320 SURE WE DO NOT MISS ANYBODY. WE NEED YOUR HELP. 573 00:24:32,320 --> 00:24:33,320 WE NEED TO REACH OUT TO THESE YOUNG PEOPLE TO LET THEM 574 00:24:33,320 --> 00:24:34,320 KNOW THAT WE ARE DEPENDING ON THEM. NASA IS DEPENDING ON THEM. 575 00:24:34,320 --> 00:24:35,320 >> THANK YOU FOR THE INVITATION TO BE WITH YOU TODAY. 576 00:24:35,320 --> 00:24:36,320 THIS IS SUCH AN IMPORTANT CONVERSATION AND I COMMEND 577 00:24:36,320 --> 00:24:37,320 YOU FOR WORKING TO MAKE SCIENCE TRULY INCLUSIVE. BUT INCLUSIVE MEANS MORE THAN HAVING YOUR 578 00:24:37,320 --> 00:24:38,320 WOMEN AND MORE PEOPLE OF DIVERSITY WORKING IN SCIENCE. 579 00:24:38,320 --> 00:24:39,320 IT ALSO MEANS HAVING AN ENVIRONMENT THAT IS HOSPITABLE 580 00:24:39,320 --> 00:24:40,320 FOR THOSE WHO ARE BEING INVITED TO JOIN IN THE 581 00:24:40,320 --> 00:24:41,320 CONVERSATION. I HAVE BEEN FIGHTING SEXUAL ASSAULT IN THE 582 00:24:41,320 --> 00:24:42,320 MILITARY AND ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES FOR YEARS. 583 00:24:42,320 --> 00:24:43,320 AND I HAVE SEEN THE SAME PATTERN OVER AND OVER AGAIN. 584 00:24:43,320 --> 00:24:44,320 TYPICALLY, PREDATORS ARE IN ENVIRONMENTS WHERE THERE IS 585 00:24:44,320 --> 00:24:45,320 A CLOSED INSTITUTION, WHERE THERE IS A SEPARATE CODE OF 586 00:24:45,320 --> 00:24:46,320 CONDUCT, SO THEY HAVE LOTS OF POWER TO SWEEP CASES 587 00:24:46,320 --> 00:24:47,320 UNDER THE PROVERBIAL RUG. OFTEN, IT IS SIX OR SEVEN TIMES BEFORE A PREDATOR 588 00:24:47,320 --> 00:24:48,320 IS ACTUALLY CAUGHT. 589 00:24:48,320 --> 00:24:49,320 BECAUSE EVERYONE BELIEVES THE INCIDENT TO BE IN 590 00:24:49,320 --> 00:24:50,320 OUTLIER. WELL, SURVIVORS, OFTEN GRADUATE STUDENTS AND 591 00:24:50,320 --> 00:24:51,320 POSTDOCS, LOSING YEARS OF RESEARCH, THEIR FUNDING, THEIR 592 00:24:51,320 --> 00:24:52,320 CONFIDENCE AND OFTEN THEY ABANDON THE FIELD ALTOGETHER. 593 00:24:52,320 --> 00:24:53,320 AND THOSE CAREERS. TAKE THE ACTIONS OF PROFESSOR TIM SLATER WHO 594 00:24:53,320 --> 00:24:54,320 ENGAGED IN TRULY DISGUSTING HARASSMENT GRADUATE STUDENTS 595 00:24:54,320 --> 00:24:55,320 HE WAS ADVISING. 596 00:24:55,320 --> 00:24:56,320 BY TELLING THEM THEY WOULD TEACH BETTER WITHOUT UNDERWEAR. 597 00:24:56,320 --> 00:24:57,320 AND REQUIRING THEM TO MEET HIM FOR OFFICE HOURS AT A 598 00:24:57,320 --> 00:24:58,320 STRIP CLUB. THERE WERE NO CONSEQUENCES FOR HIS ACTIONS 599 00:24:58,320 --> 00:24:59,320 ASIDE FROM SENSITIVITY TRAINING. 600 00:24:59,320 --> 00:25:00,320 AND THE REPORT OF HIS MALFEASANCE WAS SEALED. HE NOW HOLDS AN ENDOWED CHARITY AT THE UNIVERSITY 601 00:25:00,320 --> 00:25:01,320 OF WYOMING WHERE UNIVERSITY OF OFFICIALS WERE 602 00:25:01,320 --> 00:25:02,320 UNAWARE OF THE GRAVITY OF HIS BEHAVIOR BEFORE HIRING 603 00:25:02,320 --> 00:25:03,320 THEM. NOW HE SAYS HE IS NOW REFORMED. 604 00:25:03,320 --> 00:25:04,320 THE STUDENTS HE HARASSED LOST YEARS OF WORK AND MANY OF 605 00:25:04,320 --> 00:25:05,320 THEM LEFT THE FIELD. THE JEFF MARCY AND JASON LEAD CASES WERE SIMILAR. 606 00:25:05,320 --> 00:25:06,320 FEDERAL FUNDING AGENCIES AND UNIVERSITIES NEED TO STAND 607 00:25:06,320 --> 00:25:07,320 UP FOR SURVIVORS AND STOP FUNDING AND HIRING HARASSERS. 608 00:25:07,320 --> 00:25:08,320 THAT'S WHY I'M WORKING ON LEGISLATURES ACT. THIS WILL BILL WILL REQUIRE FACULTIES – SEXUAL 609 00:25:08,320 --> 00:25:09,320 ASSAULT AND HARASSMENT. 610 00:25:09,320 --> 00:25:10,320 >> SUCCESSFUL – IT'S REALLY JUST ONE EXAMPLE OF THE 611 00:25:10,320 --> 00:25:11,320 ASTONISHING WINS THAT OUR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS CAN 612 00:25:11,320 --> 00:25:12,320 ACHIEVE FROM EXPLORING OUR SOLAR SYSTEM TO EXPLORING 613 00:25:12,320 --> 00:25:13,320 OUR OWN PLANET. AND EVEN LAUNCHING HUMANS INTO THE UNFORGIVING 614 00:25:13,320 --> 00:25:14,320 ENVIRONMENT OF SPACE. HOW ARE STEM PROFESSIONAL AND THE ONES – GET 615 00:25:14,320 --> 00:25:15,320 US THERE. THEY ENABLE US TO MAKE THOSE GREAT LEAPS. 616 00:25:15,320 --> 00:25:16,320 IN SCIENTIFIC INVASION IS THE PRODUCT NOT ONLY OF HARD 617 00:25:16,320 --> 00:25:17,320 WORK, BUT IT IS BRINGING TOGETHER ALL THE JEWS OF – 618 00:25:17,320 --> 00:25:18,320 THAT'S WHY IT'S CRITICAL TO PUT STRUCTURES IN PLACE AT 619 00:25:18,320 --> 00:25:19,320 INCREASING NUMBER OF UNDERREPRESENTED IN AND ORTIZ AND 620 00:25:19,320 --> 00:25:20,320 WOMEN IN THE STEM FIELD. NOW THE GOAL OF INCREASING DIVERSITY IN THE 621 00:25:20,320 --> 00:25:21,320 STEM FIELD ISN'T JUST ONE OF ETHICS AND MORALITY. 622 00:25:21,320 --> 00:25:22,320 IT'S ALSO A RENTED AND PRACTICAL ROLE. THERE IS NO ONE TYPE OF SCIENTIST ENGINEER 623 00:25:22,320 --> 00:25:23,320 OR MATHEMATICIAN AND BRINGING THOSE DIVERSE INTO 624 00:25:23,320 --> 00:25:24,320 OUR AGENCIES AND BUSINESSES STRENGTHENS THE WORK 625 00:25:24,320 --> 00:25:25,320 THAT THOSE ORGANIZATIONS ARE DOING. 626 00:25:25,320 --> 00:25:26,320 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HAVE IMMENSE CAPABILITIES TO DO 627 00:25:26,320 --> 00:25:27,320 AMAZING THINGS AND WE MUST ENSURE THAT WE ARE USING ALL 628 00:25:27,320 --> 00:25:28,320 THE BRAINPOWER AND INGENUITY THAT IS AVAILABLE TO US. 629 00:25:28,320 --> 00:25:29,320 I INCREASING THE RIGHTS OF THE TRULY STEM WORKFORCE IN 630 00:25:29,320 --> 00:25:30,320 F8 ARE SPIRIT OUR TEAMS WILL BENEFIT. 631 00:25:30,320 --> 00:25:31,320 WE'VE SEEN EFFORTS TO INCREASE DIVERSITY SINCE MY TIME 632 00:25:31,320 --> 00:25:32,320 BACK IN THE 80S. BUT TODAY, 84 PERCENT OF STEM RELATED JOBS 633 00:25:32,320 --> 00:25:33,320 IN THIS COUNTRY ARE FILLED BY WIDER ASIAN AMERICAN. 634 00:25:33,320 --> 00:25:34,320 WE NEED TO BRING THE PERSPECTIVE, PROBLEM SOLVING 635 00:25:34,320 --> 00:25:35,320 SKILLS AND RESOURCEFULNESS OF MINORITIES AND WOMEN 636 00:25:35,320 --> 00:25:36,320 RIGHT TO THE TABLE SO WE CAN CONTINUE TO SOLVE THE 637 00:25:36,320 --> 00:25:37,320 PROBLEM THAT OF CAPTAIN AMERICA ON THE FOREFRONT OF 638 00:25:37,320 --> 00:25:38,320 SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION. GOOD LUCK IN YOUR WORK. 639 00:25:38,320 --> 00:25:39,320 THANK YOU, VERY MUCH HIGH EVERYONE. I WISH I COULD BE THERE WITH YOU AT NASA'S 640 00:25:39,320 --> 00:25:40,320 FIRST MISSION STEM SUMMIT. 641 00:25:40,320 --> 00:25:41,320 DIVERSITY IS ESSENTIAL TO THE FREE FLOW OF INFORMATION 642 00:25:41,320 --> 00:25:42,320 AND THE EXCHANGE OF GROUNDBREAKING IDEAS. I APPLAUD THE MISSION STEM PROGRAM FOR WORKING 643 00:25:42,320 --> 00:25:43,320 TO ENSURE DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION WITHIN NASA. 644 00:25:43,320 --> 00:25:44,320 THE THEME OF THIS CONFERENCE, EATING THE NATIONS STEM 645 00:25:44,320 --> 00:25:45,320 CHALLENGES, IS AN ISSUE THAT I AM WORKING TO TACKLE IN 646 00:25:45,320 --> 00:25:46,320 THE SENATE. HOW CAN WE GET MORE WOMEN AND MINORITIES INTERESTED 647 00:25:46,320 --> 00:25:47,320 IN STEM FIELDS? 648 00:25:47,320 --> 00:25:48,320 HOW DO WE ENCOURAGE YOUNG PEOPLE TO PURSUE TRAINING AND 649 00:25:48,320 --> 00:25:49,320 CAREERS IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND MATH FIELDS? THESE ARE QUESTIONS THAT AFFECT ALL OF US 650 00:25:49,320 --> 00:25:50,320 AS WE SHIFT TO AN INNOVATION-BASED ECONOMY. 651 00:25:50,320 --> 00:25:51,320 I AM CONFIDENT THAT YOU'LL WALK AWAY FROM THE SUMMIT OR 652 00:25:51,320 --> 00:25:52,320 IN LIGHT WHENEVER AND HOPE YOU ENJOY THE NEXT TWO DAYS. 653 00:25:52,320 --> 00:25:53,320 THANK YOU. GOOD MORNING EVERYONE. 654 00:25:53,320 --> 00:25:54,320 HELLO, HOW ARE YOU DOING? WE ARE HERE TO RUN TWO DAYS OF THE MOST IMPORTANT 655 00:25:54,320 --> 00:25:55,320 CONVERSATION I CAN THINK OF. IT'S CRITICALLY IMPORTANT. 656 00:25:55,320 --> 00:25:56,320 DIVERSITY, INCLUSION AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITY IN THE STEM 657 00:25:56,320 --> 00:25:57,320 FIELDS. IN MANY WAYS, WE ARE GATHERED HERE TO TALK 658 00:25:57,320 --> 00:25:58,320 ABOUT HOW WE GO FROM HERE TO HERE? 659 00:25:58,320 --> 00:25:59,320 RIGHT NOW WE ARE ONLY PROGRESSING AT THIS RATE. 660 00:25:59,320 --> 00:26:00,320 HOW DO WE GO FROM HERE TO HERE? A MAJOR STEP CHANGE AND WHY HAS IT BEEN SO 661 00:26:00,320 --> 00:26:01,320 SLOW? WE KNOW WITH THE NUMBER – THE NUMBERS ARE 662 00:26:01,320 --> 00:26:02,320 NOT WHAT WE WANT THEM TO BE. 663 00:26:02,320 --> 00:26:03,320 WE ARE ALL WORKING ON THIS. WE ARE COMMITTED. 664 00:26:03,320 --> 00:26:04,320 THE STATISTICS AND WELCOMING REMARKS, BUT I WANT TO 665 00:26:04,320 --> 00:26:05,320 REMIND US THAT IN 2013, IN THE UNITED STATES WOMEN 666 00:26:05,320 --> 00:26:06,320 ACCOUNTED FOR 25 PERCENT OF EARNED DOCTORATE DEGREES IN 667 00:26:06,320 --> 00:26:07,320 ENGINEERING. 16 PERCENT OF THOSE WERE IN AEROSPACE ENGINEERING. 668 00:26:07,320 --> 00:26:08,320 I'M IN AEROSPACE ENGINEER. ISN'T THIS WHAT ALL ROCKET SCIENTIST LOOK 669 00:26:08,320 --> 00:26:09,320 LIKE? SO WHY ARE OUR NUMBERS POOR? 670 00:26:09,320 --> 00:26:10,320 AFRICAN-AMERICAN LESSON FIVE PERCENT AND HISPANICS ARE 671 00:26:10,320 --> 00:26:11,320 ALSO LESS THAN FIVE PERCENT. HERE AT NASA, WE ARE 23 PERCENT ENGINEERING 672 00:26:11,320 --> 00:26:12,320 WOMEN AND 20 PERCENT WOMEN IN THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES. 673 00:26:12,320 --> 00:26:13,320 THAT'S NOT GOOD ENOUGH. CALL IT WHAT IT IS. 674 00:26:13,320 --> 00:26:14,320 WE ARE LOOKING FOR PARITY. HOW CAN WE REALLY MAKE THESE STEP CHANGES? 675 00:26:14,320 --> 00:26:15,320 THE GOOD NEWS IS DOCTORAL ENGINEERING HAS DOUBLED IN 676 00:26:15,320 --> 00:26:16,320 THE US. WE CAN SAY THAT THAT IS PROGRESS. 677 00:26:16,320 --> 00:26:17,320 BUT FOR UNDERREPRESENTED POPULATIONS, EVEN EXPONENTIAL 678 00:26:17,320 --> 00:26:18,320 ONES, TO REACH PARITY, THE 30 PERCENT FOR UNDERREPRESENTED POPULATIONS, IT WILL TAKE 679 00:26:18,320 --> 00:26:19,320 UNTIL 2130. I WON'T BE ALIVE. 680 00:26:19,320 --> 00:26:20,320 WE ARE GOING TO MARS. BOOTS ON MARS AS YOU HEARD THE BEEN A STRAIGHTER 681 00:26:20,320 --> 00:26:21,320 SAY WE NEED TO TAKE EVERYONE WITH US. 682 00:26:21,320 --> 00:26:22,320 SO I DID A SECOND FIT JUST TO SEE IF I COULD INCREASE 683 00:26:22,320 --> 00:26:23,320 MY DATA LITTLE BIT. 2150. 684 00:26:23,320 --> 00:26:24,320 WE WILL BE ON MARS BEFORE WE REACH PARITY IF WE DO NOT 685 00:26:24,320 --> 00:26:25,320 DO SOMETHING AND THAT IS WHY WE ARE HERE TOGETHER. 686 00:26:25,320 --> 00:26:26,320 WE'RE HERE TOGETHER BECAUSE THERE ARE GREAT PROMISING 687 00:26:26,320 --> 00:26:27,320 PRACTICES OUT THERE. SOME FOLKS ARE DOING EXCEPTIONAL JOBS, BUT 688 00:26:27,320 --> 00:26:28,320 WE NEED TO SHARE THOSE. 689 00:26:28,320 --> 00:26:29,320 WE NEED TO ALL BE IN THIS TOGETHER AND FRANKLY, WE JUST 690 00:26:29,320 --> 00:26:30,320 NEED TO LOOK FOR THAT STEP CHANGE TO MAKE CHANGE AND 691 00:26:30,320 --> 00:26:31,320 MAKE OUR GOALS TO SAY WE CAN DO THIS. WE CAN DO THIS WITHIN THE DECADE, BUT WE ARE 692 00:26:31,320 --> 00:26:32,320 GOING TO DO IT TOGETHER. 693 00:26:32,320 --> 00:26:33,320 WHY IS IT SO CRITICAL TO NASA? OUR DOORS ARE OPEN. 694 00:26:33,320 --> 00:26:34,320 THIS IS THE PIPELINE. THAT'S WHY I CARE SO DEEPLY ABOUT THAT. 695 00:26:34,320 --> 00:26:35,320 CHANGING THAT. OPENING OUR DOORS UP AND BRINGING EVERYONE 696 00:26:35,320 --> 00:26:36,320 IN. WE ALSO KNOW IT GOES BEYOND THE NUMBERS. 697 00:26:36,320 --> 00:26:37,320 IT'S THE UNCONSCIOUS BIAS. IT HAS SERIOUS NEGATIVE IMPACTS ON WHO PURSUES 698 00:26:37,320 --> 00:26:38,320 DEGREES IN STEM. 699 00:26:38,320 --> 00:26:39,320 WE SEE THAT IT'S A POSSIBILITY DEGREE IN STEM. WE JUST HEARD AND WE KNOW ABOUT THE TROUBLING 700 00:26:39,320 --> 00:26:40,320 SEXUAL-HARASSMENT REPORTS. I WANT TO BE VERY CLEAR. 701 00:26:40,320 --> 00:26:41,320 SEXUAL-HARASSMENT IS A DENIAL OF EQUAL OPPORTUNITY IN 702 00:26:41,320 --> 00:26:42,320 OUR WORKFORCES, IN OUR UNIVERSITIES. FACULTY MEMBERS ENGAGING IN SEXUAL HARASSMENT, 703 00:26:42,320 --> 00:26:43,320 THEY ARE DENYING EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES IN EDUCATION. 704 00:26:43,320 --> 00:26:44,320 IT'S NOT JUST SEXUAL-HARASSMENT, THERE IS ALSO 705 00:26:44,320 --> 00:26:45,320 HARASSMENT ON RACE, NATIONAL ORIGIN, DISABILITY, AND 706 00:26:45,320 --> 00:26:46,320 OTHER CHARACTERISTICS THAT ARE PART BY OUR LAWS. 707 00:26:46,320 --> 00:26:47,320 SO THAT IS WHY WE ARE HERE TO TALK ABOUT THIS, TO HAVE 708 00:26:47,320 --> 00:26:48,320 CANDID, OPEN AND FRANK CONVERSATION. WE ARE LOOKING FOR SOLUTIONS. 709 00:26:48,320 --> 00:26:49,320 WE ARE LOOKING AT THE INNOVATIONS OUT THERE AND WHAT 710 00:26:49,320 --> 00:26:50,320 ARE THE PROMISING PRACTICES THAT GO HAND-IN-HAND TO 711 00:26:50,320 --> 00:26:51,320 REALLY ACHIEVE, TO FINALLY ACHIEVE WHERE WE SEE PARITY 712 00:26:51,320 --> 00:26:52,320 IS, WHERE WE SEE ALL OF OURSELVES GOING READ I'VE 713 00:26:52,320 --> 00:26:53,320 CHANGE THE CONVERSATION A LITTLE BIT AND I ACTUALLY 714 00:26:53,320 --> 00:26:54,320 CALL IT STEM. I THINK WE CAN HAVE AN IMPACT IN THE STEM 715 00:26:54,320 --> 00:26:55,320 FIELD, BUT WE NEED TO BE MORE INCLUSIVE AND SO I ACTUALLY 716 00:26:55,320 --> 00:26:56,320 INCLUDE THE ARTS BECAUSE EVERY GIRL AND BOY THAT I TALKED 717 00:26:56,320 --> 00:26:57,320 TO, I SAY YOU ARE THE VISIONARIES. 718 00:26:57,320 --> 00:26:58,320 YOU ARE THE STORYTELLERS. AND NOW I PUT A D ON THE END. 719 00:26:58,320 --> 00:26:59,320 THAT IS FOR DESIGN. WE HAVE A 3-D MAKER GENERATION OUT THERE AND 720 00:26:59,320 --> 00:27:00,320 IF THEY SEE THEMSELVES AS 3-D MAKERS, I SAY GUESS 721 00:27:00,320 --> 00:27:01,320 WHAT? YOU'RE GOING TO MAKE IT WITH US. 722 00:27:01,320 --> 00:27:02,320 WE NEED YOU ALL. SO BEING INCLUSIVE. 723 00:27:02,320 --> 00:27:03,320 I WANT TO FILTER EVERYONE IN. NO MORE FILTERING PEOPLE OUT. 724 00:27:03,320 --> 00:27:04,320 YOU DON'T HAVE TO BE THE BEST IN PHYSICS AND CALCULUS 725 00:27:04,320 --> 00:27:05,320 AND MATH TO JOIN THE STEM FIELD. THAT MAKES IT SOMETHING THAT PEOPLE CANNOT 726 00:27:05,320 --> 00:27:06,320 SEE THEMSELVES IN. 727 00:27:06,320 --> 00:27:07,320 NO MORE FILTERING PEOPLE OUT LET'S FILTER EVERYONE IN 728 00:27:07,320 --> 00:27:08,320 WITH INCLUSIVE CONVERSATION, BUT MORE IMPORTANTLY, INCLUSIVE ACTION. 729 00:27:08,320 --> 00:27:09,320 MAKING SURE THAT EVERY GIRL AND BOY OUT THERE SO THEY 730 00:27:09,320 --> 00:27:10,320 CAN SEE THEMSELVES AND THEN I THINK HE WILL REALLY 731 00:27:10,320 --> 00:27:11,320 ATTAIN THE RESULTS WE WANT TO HAVE IN THE STEM FIELD. 732 00:27:11,320 --> 00:27:12,320 I THINK THAT IS HOW WE GET THERE FROM WHERE WE ARE AT. 733 00:27:12,320 --> 00:27:13,320 SO I'M SPEAKING TO EVERYBODY IN THE AUDIENCE TODAY, THE 734 00:27:13,320 --> 00:27:14,320 UNIVERSITY PRESIDENT, TOP ADMINISTRATORS, THE FACULTY 735 00:27:14,320 --> 00:27:15,320 MEMBERS, OUR FEDERAL OFFICIALS AS WELL AS INDUSTRY 736 00:27:15,320 --> 00:27:16,320 PROFESSIONALS THAT WE HAVE GATHERED TODAY FOR THE 737 00:27:16,320 --> 00:27:17,320 PRESENCE AND HIGH-LEVEL ADMINISTRATORS I EMPLOY YOU TO 738 00:27:17,320 --> 00:27:18,320 SHOW THE LEADERSHIP AND DEMONSTRATE THAT EQUAL OPPORTUNITY IS FOR ALL OF US. 739 00:27:18,320 --> 00:27:19,320 IT WILL BE YOUR LEADERSHIP THAT REALLY IS AND ARE THE 740 00:27:19,320 --> 00:27:20,320 PROMISING PRACTICES THAT WE ALL NEED TO LEARN FROM TO 741 00:27:20,320 --> 00:27:21,320 REALLY CHANGE THE TIDE. FOR THE FACULTY IN PRINCIPLE INVESTIGATORS 742 00:27:21,320 --> 00:27:22,320 WHO ARE RECEIVING OUR GOVERNMENT AWARDS, YOU ARE THE 743 00:27:22,320 --> 00:27:23,320 ONES ON 744 00:27:23,320 --> 00:27:24,320 THE FRONT LINE. IT'S YOUR BEHAVIOR CREATING THE TEAM, THE 745 00:27:24,320 --> 00:27:25,320 INCLUSIVE TEAM, LEADING THOSE TEENS, NURTURING THEM 746 00:27:25,320 --> 00:27:26,320 THOSE OF THE NEXT GENERATIONS, THE FUTURE SCIENTISTS AND 747 00:27:26,320 --> 00:27:27,320 ENGINEERS, LEADERS IN THEIR OWN RIGHTS, BUT THEY NEED 748 00:27:27,320 --> 00:27:28,320 YOUR MENTORING. 749 00:27:28,320 --> 00:27:29,320 YOU HAVE AN AWESOME RESPONSIBILITY BECAUSE YOU ARE AT 750 00:27:29,320 --> 00:27:30,320 THE FRONT LINE IN THE MENTORING AND RESPONSIBILITY YOU 751 00:27:30,320 --> 00:27:31,320 HAVE THAT WE PLACE ON YOU BUT THAT WE ENTRUSTED YOU AS 752 00:27:31,320 --> 00:27:32,320 WELL. THE FEDERAL OFFICIALS, TO ALL OF US TO MAKE 753 00:27:32,320 --> 00:27:33,320 SURE THAT THE GRANTING INSTITUTIONS ARE OPERATING WITHIN 754 00:27:33,320 --> 00:27:34,320 THE LAW BUT MORE IMPORTANTLY, THAT THEY ARE PROVIDING 755 00:27:34,320 --> 00:27:35,320 ALL THESE OPPORTUNITIES AND REALIZING THE STREAM THAT 756 00:27:35,320 --> 00:27:36,320 WE HAVE. AND WE ARE HERE IN THE GOVERNMENT AND SISTER 757 00:27:36,320 --> 00:27:37,320 AGENCIES TO PROVIDE WHAT ASSISTANCE YOU NEED. 758 00:27:37,320 --> 00:27:38,320 HOW CAN WE CONTINUE THE CONVERSATION? WE'RE IN THIS TOGETHER. 759 00:27:38,320 --> 00:27:39,320 WE WILL BE LOOKING AT COMPLIANCE, BUT WEARINESS ALTOGETHER AND KNOWING WHAT WORKS AND SHARING 760 00:27:39,320 --> 00:27:40,320 THOSE STORIES IS WHAT WE'RE ALL ABOUT SO THAT WE 761 00:27:40,320 --> 00:27:41,320 CAN ALL BE BETTER. 762 00:27:41,320 --> 00:27:42,320 FOR THE INDUSTRY PROFESSIONALS, WE ASK YOU TO CONTINUE 763 00:27:42,320 --> 00:27:43,320 TO PARTNER WITH THE GOVERNMENT IN ACADEMIA. WE ARE ALL DOING THIS BUT SOMETIMES OUR EFFORTS 764 00:27:43,320 --> 00:27:44,320 ARE INDIVIDUAL. 765 00:27:44,320 --> 00:27:45,320 FROM THE THREE, FROM INDUSTRY ACADEMIA AND GOVERNMENT. 766 00:27:45,320 --> 00:27:46,320 I THINK THE ONLY WAY TO GET THERE IS TO THINK OF NEW 767 00:27:46,320 --> 00:27:47,320 INNOVATIONS. HOW DO WE DO IT ALL TOGETHER? 768 00:27:47,320 --> 00:27:48,320 SAME RESOURCES, BUT HOW CAN WE DO IT TOGETHER TO BRING 769 00:27:48,320 --> 00:27:49,320 UP OUT THE STEP CHANGE THAT WE WANT FOR EQUAL OPPORTUNITY, INCLUSION AND TO BRING ABOUT 770 00:27:49,320 --> 00:27:50,320 PARITY. SO FOR ALL OF US, IN ONE WAY OR ANOTHER, TO 771 00:27:50,320 --> 00:27:51,320 ME IT BOILS DOWN TO EXCELLENCE. 772 00:27:51,320 --> 00:27:52,320 WE ARE ONLY EXCELLENT THROUGH DIVERSITY. HAVE SOME PRETTY AWESOME BODACIOUS GOALS THAT 773 00:27:52,320 --> 00:27:53,320 NASA. EXPLORING THE SOLAR SYSTEM. 774 00:27:53,320 --> 00:27:54,320 WE NEED ALL OF YOUR EXCELLENCE. WE NEED ALL THE EXCELLENCE THAT IS COMING 775 00:27:54,320 --> 00:27:55,320 IN THE FUTURE GENERATIONS AND WE DO NOT HAVE THE LUXURY 776 00:27:55,320 --> 00:27:56,320 TO ELIMINATE EVEN ONE OF THE GREAT BRAINS, THE GREAT WINES, 777 00:27:56,320 --> 00:27:57,320 THE GREAT SUPERSTARS. 778 00:27:57,320 --> 00:27:58,320 PLEASE HELP US, WORK WITH US. ENSURE THAT EVERY GIRL AND BOY SEE THEMSELVES 779 00:27:58,320 --> 00:27:59,320 IN THE STEM FIELD, INCLUDING THEM IN WHATEVER THEY 780 00:27:59,320 --> 00:28:00,320 WANT TO BE. I CAN RELATE TO THAT. 781 00:28:00,320 --> 00:28:01,320 AN ARTIST, DESIGNER, JOURNALIST, STORYTELLER, AN 782 00:28:01,320 --> 00:28:02,320 ENGINEER OR A POET, I CAN SAY GUESS WHAT? GUESS WHAT. 783 00:28:02,320 --> 00:28:03,320 [BLEEP] DOING? GUESS WHAT ALL THIS GOOD WORK LEADS TO? 784 00:28:03,320 --> 00:28:04,320 IT LEADS TO DREAMS AND EXPLORING TOMORROW'S AND BEYOND 785 00:28:04,320 --> 00:28:05,320 AND THEN ALSO, MOST IMPORTANTLY, THINKING ABOUT OUR 786 00:28:05,320 --> 00:28:06,320 EARTH -RELATED ISSUES AND PROBLEMS. AND NOT IS WHY WE ARE HERE TO CELEBRATE WITH 787 00:28:06,320 --> 00:28:07,320 OUR SISTER AGENCIES HOW THE DISCUSSION WITH ALL OF YOU 788 00:28:07,320 --> 00:28:08,320 TO REALLY ACCOMPLISH, THIS TIME REALLY ACCOMPLISH, THIS 789 00:28:08,320 --> 00:28:09,320 STEP CHANGE THAT WE DESIRE. 790 00:28:09,320 --> 00:28:10,320 THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING US. I HAVE THE GREAT PLEASURE TO DO AN INTRODUCTION 791 00:28:10,320 --> 00:28:11,320 NOW TO OUR KEYNOTE SPEAKER AND ALSO TO THINK AND 792 00:28:11,320 --> 00:28:12,320 ACKNOWLEDGE OUR PARTNERS AND DOCTOR FRANCE CORDOVA AND 793 00:28:12,320 --> 00:28:13,320 RACHEL GARTNER IS HERE FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 794 00:28:13,320 --> 00:28:14,320 WHO CARRIES THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE GOVERNMENT 795 00:28:14,320 --> 00:28:15,320 AGENCY WHEN IT COMES TO COMPLIANCE AND TITLE IX AND 796 00:28:15,320 --> 00:28:16,320 TITLE VI THAT WE WORK CLOSELY WITH OUR WHITE HOUSE 797 00:28:16,320 --> 00:28:17,320 OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECH KNOWLEDGE HE POLICY, WANT 798 00:28:17,320 --> 00:28:18,320 AWARD IS WITH US. 799 00:28:18,320 --> 00:28:19,320 ALSO FROM OUR NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNICAL COUNSEL, 800 00:28:19,320 --> 00:28:20,320 ROOS IS HERE AND NOW I GET YOU INTRODUCED DOCTOR JO 801 00:28:20,320 --> 00:28:21,320 HANDELSMAN AS OUR KEYNOTE. CAN'T THINK OF ANYONE MORE QUALIFIED TO GIVE 802 00:28:21,320 --> 00:28:22,320 US REMARKS RIGHT NOW. 803 00:28:22,320 --> 00:28:23,320 JOE IS THE ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR FOR SCIENCE AT THE WHITE 804 00:28:23,320 --> 00:28:24,320 HOUSE OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND ELEGY POLICY. 805 00:28:24,320 --> 00:28:25,320 SHE WAS APPOINTED BY PRESIDENT OBAMA AND CONFIRMED BY 806 00:28:25,320 --> 00:28:26,320 THE SENATE IN JUNE OF 2014. I WATCHED HER CONFIRMATION TO THINK ABOUT 807 00:28:26,320 --> 00:28:27,320 HOW THIS GOES AND HOW MY OWN MIGHT GO FROM ACADEMIA AS WELL. 808 00:28:27,320 --> 00:28:28,320 SO THANKS, FOR SHOWING ME THAT. AND SHE HELPS ADVISE THE PRESIDENT ON IMPLICATIONS 809 00:28:28,320 --> 00:28:29,320 OF SCIENCE FOR THE NATION AND HOW IT FORMS – IN 810 00:28:29,320 --> 00:28:30,320 FORMS US POLICY AND HOW THE FEDERAL EFFORTS TO SUPPORT 811 00:28:30,320 --> 00:28:31,320 ONLY SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH GOING OUT. 812 00:28:31,320 --> 00:28:32,320 HOW ARE WE PROGRESSING? HOW ARE WE DOING? 813 00:28:32,320 --> 00:28:33,320 PRIOR TO JOINING OSC P DOCTOR JO HANDELSMAN WAS A 814 00:28:33,320 --> 00:28:34,320 PROFESSOR. I THINK YOU KNOW HOW DISTINGUISH THAT ONEROUS. 815 00:28:34,320 --> 00:28:35,320 SHE WAS ALSO THE PROFESSOR IN THE DEPARTMENT OF 816 00:28:35,320 --> 00:28:36,320 MOLECULAR, CELLULAR AND – AT THE L UNIVERSITY. SHE SERVED ON THE FACULTY AS THE LESSER OF 817 00:28:36,320 --> 00:28:37,320 PLANT PATHOLOGY IN THE PROFESSOR AND CHAIR OF THE 818 00:28:37,320 --> 00:28:38,320 DEPARTMENT OF ACTIVITY ALLERGY. 819 00:28:38,320 --> 00:28:39,320 SHE WAS ALSO PRESENT OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF 820 00:28:39,320 --> 00:28:40,320 MICROBIOLOGY. SHE RECEIVED THE PRESIDENTIAL WORD FOR EXCELLENCE, 821 00:28:40,320 --> 00:28:41,320 SCIENCE AND MENTORING IN 2011, AND SHE COCHAIRED THE 822 00:28:41,320 --> 00:28:42,320 WORKING GROUP THAT DEVELOPED THE 2012 REPORT, ENGAGED 823 00:28:42,320 --> 00:28:43,320 TO EXCEL. EACH CONTAIN THE RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE PRESIDENT 824 00:28:43,320 --> 00:28:44,320 OF HOW DO WE STRENGTHEN STEM EDUCATION TO MEET 825 00:28:44,320 --> 00:28:45,320 THE WORKFORCE NEEDS IN THE COMING DECADE? 826 00:28:45,320 --> 00:28:46,320 JUST ONE DECADE, HOW CAN WE DO THIS? DOCTOR HANDELSMAN COFOUNDED THE WISCONSIN 827 00:28:46,320 --> 00:28:47,320 PROGRAM FOR SCIENTIFIC TEACHING AS WELL AS THE L CENTER 828 00:28:47,320 --> 00:28:48,320 FOR SCIENTIFIC TEACHING AND THE NATIONAL ACADEMY 829 00:28:48,320 --> 00:28:49,320 SUMMER INSTITUTE ON UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION. 830 00:28:49,320 --> 00:28:50,320 THESE PROGRAMS HAVE LEARNED HER A VERY DISTINGUISHED NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION AND 831 00:28:50,320 --> 00:28:51,320 SHE'S DOWN THERE AT THE FRONT LINES FOR TEACHING VISIBLE 832 00:28:51,320 --> 00:28:52,320 SOME PRACTICES AND NOW ALL THE WAY UP INTO ADVISING 833 00:28:52,320 --> 00:28:53,320 US IN THE PRESIDENT AND WITH JOE'S LEADERSHIP I 834 00:28:53,320 --> 00:28:54,320 THINK WE'LL 835 00:28:54,320 --> 00:28:55,320 GET THIS DONE. I'M LOOKING FORWARD TO HER KEYNOTE. 836 00:28:55,320 --> 00:28:56,320 THANK YOU, JO. [APPLAUSE] 837 00:28:56,320 --> 00:28:57,320 >> THANK YOU FOR ALL BEING HERE AND TO ALL OF THE GREAT 838 00:28:57,320 --> 00:28:58,320 REPORTED STATEMENTS THAT WE HEARD FROM GENERAL BOLDEN 839 00:28:58,320 --> 00:28:59,320 AND MANY MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. I WAS REMINDED THIS MORNING OF NASA'S GREATNESS 840 00:28:59,320 --> 00:29:00,320 IN PROBLEM-SOLVING ABILITY WHEN I GOT AN EMAIL 841 00:29:00,320 --> 00:29:01,320 SAYING THAT MY SLIDES MIGHT NOT BE ABLE TO BE SHOWN AND 842 00:29:01,320 --> 00:29:02,320 I THOUGHT WELL, WE'VE HEARD THIS PROBLEM BEFORE, RIGHT? 843 00:29:02,320 --> 00:29:03,320 SMALL THINGS THAT CAN BLOCK EVENTS? AND I MENTIONED IT TO MY HUSBAND. 844 00:29:03,320 --> 00:29:04,320 I SAID AFTER ALL THAT WORK, MY SLIDES MIGHT NOT BE USED 845 00:29:04,320 --> 00:29:05,320 AND HE SAID, WHAT? AND HE STARTED DOING THIS IMITATION OF RUTH 846 00:29:05,320 --> 00:29:06,320 WILLIS IN ARMAGEDDON IF YOU'VE EVER SEEN THAT HE SAID 847 00:29:06,320 --> 00:29:07,320 THIS IS THE GOVERNMENT. 848 00:29:07,320 --> 00:29:08,320 THIS IS NASA. THIS IS THE GROUP THAT SENT PEOPLE TO THE 849 00:29:08,320 --> 00:29:09,320 MOON! IF THEY CAN'T DO IT, NOBODY CAN. 850 00:29:09,320 --> 00:29:10,320 AND SO I WOULD LIKE TO JUST PUT THAT CHALLENGE TO NASA 851 00:29:10,320 --> 00:29:11,320 IN TERMS OF DIVERSITY AS WELL. I THINK THEY SOLVED MY SLIDE PROBLEM. 852 00:29:11,320 --> 00:29:12,320 WE WILL FIND OUT AND I THINK NASA CAN ALSO SOLVE THE 853 00:29:12,320 --> 00:29:13,320 INNOVATION PROBLEM OF GETTING MORE AND MORE DIVERSE 854 00:29:13,320 --> 00:29:16,170 PEOPLE INTO THE STEM FIELD. WITH THE ENERGY AND KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE 855 00:29:16,170 --> 00:29:19,130 THAT IS HERE TODAY, THE MAKE ENORMOUS STRIDES IN THE 856 00:29:19,130 --> 00:29:22,520 NEXT TWO DAYS TO SOLVE THIS PROBLEM. 857 00:29:22,520 --> 00:29:26,591 AND SO, IN THE SPIRIT OF BRUCE WILLIS, I WOULD LIKE US 858 00:29:26,591 --> 00:29:30,510 TO THINK AS PROBABLY AND AS BIG AND AS AGGRESSIVELY AND 859 00:29:30,510 --> 00:29:35,260 CREATIVELY AS WE CAN ABOUT WHAT IT WILL TAKE TO BROADEN 860 00:29:35,260 --> 00:29:39,390 – SEE THEY SOLD IT. THERE WE ARE. 861 00:29:39,390 --> 00:29:46,150 [APPLAUSE] THIS IS NASA. SO, I BRING YOU GREETINGS FROM THE WHITE HOUSE, 862 00:29:46,150 --> 00:29:49,590 FROM THE PRESIDENT, WHY SHOULD MENTION I READ RECENTLY 863 00:29:49,590 --> 00:29:50,590 THAT 864 00:29:50,590 --> 00:29:53,680 HIS FAVORITE MOVIE OF 2015 WAS THE MARTIAN, WHICH I 865 00:29:53,680 --> 00:29:58,330 THINK IS SICK AGAIN FOR TODAY'S DISCUSSION AND YOU WILL 866 00:29:58,330 --> 00:30:00,830 SEE WHY AS I TALK. 867 00:30:00,830 --> 00:30:04,400 I ALSO WOULD LIKE TO SHARE WITH YOU ONE OF OUR MOST 868 00:30:04,400 --> 00:30:08,340 RECENT ADDITION TO THE STEM PORTFOLIO OF THE WHITE 869 00:30:08,340 --> 00:30:13,730 HOUSE AND THAT IS THE STEM FOR ALL INITIATIVE. AND SO I WOULD LIKE TO START TALKING ABOUT 870 00:30:13,730 --> 00:30:17,010 SOME OF THE GOALS OF STEM OR ALL, WHERE THIS INITIATIVE 871 00:30:17,010 --> 00:30:21,120 CAME FROM. SOME OF ITS ROOTS IN GOVERNMENT AND IN VARIOUS 872 00:30:21,120 --> 00:30:24,780 REPORTS FROM ACADEMIA AS WELL AS GOVERNMENT AGENCIES 873 00:30:24,780 --> 00:30:27,810 AND THEN TALKED ABOUT THE THREE ELEMENTS OF STEM FOR 874 00:30:27,810 --> 00:30:31,810 ALL, WHICH ARE ACTIVE LEARNING, PROVIDING COURSE ACCESS 875 00:30:31,810 --> 00:30:34,920 TO HIGH SCHOOL AND MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS, AND THEN 876 00:30:34,920 --> 00:30:40,240 THE ISSUES OF ISN THE IMAGE OF STEM FOR CLOSING. 877 00:30:40,240 --> 00:30:44,980 SO THE PRINCIPLES OF MAKING CHANGE IN THIS WHITE HOUSE 878 00:30:44,980 --> 00:30:48,320 ARE THAT WE WORK FROM AN EVIDENCE-BASED STANDPOINT AND 879 00:30:48,320 --> 00:30:54,910 THAT WE WORK COLLABORATIVE. AND SO THE PRESIDENTS STEM AND PROBABLY EDUCATION 880 00:30:54,910 --> 00:30:59,010 EFFORTS HAVE INVOLVED EVERY LEVEL OF EDUCATION, HAVE 881 00:30:59,010 --> 00:31:04,570 INVOLVED EVERY GROUP THAT CONTRIBUTES TO EDUCATION, FROM THE PRIVATE-SECTOR FOUNDATION, NGOS, 882 00:31:04,570 --> 00:31:09,440 TO THE GOVERNMENT AND UNIVERSITIES, AND IT HAS ALWAYS 883 00:31:09,440 --> 00:31:11,460 INVOLVED EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE. 884 00:31:11,460 --> 00:31:14,830 IN LOOKING AT WHERE THE BEST EVIDENCE IS OF THE – FOR 885 00:31:14,830 --> 00:31:19,600 THE CHANGES THAT WE DESIRE TO MAKE. AND SO, ONE OF THE GROUPS THAT HAS BEEN A 886 00:31:19,600 --> 00:31:23,830 GREAT CONTRIBUTOR HAS BEEN THE FC STEM AND CO-STEM 887 00:31:23,830 --> 00:31:27,540 COMMITTEES THAT ARE FORMED BY THE NATIONAL SCIENCE AND 888 00:31:27,540 --> 00:31:32,660 ELEGY COUNSEL WHICH IS RUN BY OSC P MY OFFICE AND 889 00:31:32,660 --> 00:31:35,300 IN THAT GROUP THERE HAVE BEEN GREAT DISCUSSIONS AND 890 00:31:35,300 --> 00:31:38,500 STRATEGIC PLANNING THAT HAS SUGGESTED THE WAY FORWARD 891 00:31:38,500 --> 00:31:42,090 FOR BROADENING PARTICIPATION AND INCREASING THE 892 00:31:42,090 --> 00:31:46,240 QUALITY OF STEM EDUCATION ACROSS ALL LEVELS OF EDUCATION 893 00:31:46,240 --> 00:31:47,970 IN THIS COUNTRY. 894 00:31:47,970 --> 00:31:52,270 AND SO, IF YOU LOOK AT THE STRATEGIC PLAN, FROM THE SC 895 00:31:52,270 --> 00:31:56,170 STEM GROUP THEIR FIVE-YEAR PLAN EMPHASIZED A FEW 896 00:31:56,170 --> 00:32:00,780 ELEMENTS THAT I THINK ARE CRITICAL. WE SHOULD FOLLOW THE EVIDENCE IN CONSISTENT 897 00:32:00,780 --> 00:32:03,720 WITH PRESIDENT OBAMA'S PHILOSOPHY, WE SHOULD LOOK 898 00:32:03,720 --> 00:32:06,330 AT WHAT THE EXPERIMENTS ARE, WHAT THIS DATA DATA AND 899 00:32:06,330 --> 00:32:07,420 STUDY SHOW. 900 00:32:07,420 --> 00:32:11,160 THEY WILL HELP US TOWARD THE BEST PRACTICES THAT WILL 901 00:32:11,160 --> 00:32:17,840 MAKE CHANGE MOST EFFECTIVELY THAT WE CAN. SECONDLY, THEY FOCUSED ON THE IMPORTANCE OF 902 00:32:17,840 --> 00:32:19,060 COMMUNITY COLLEGES. 903 00:32:19,060 --> 00:32:21,970 THIS IS A GROUP THAT IS OFTEN LEFT OUT OF THE 904 00:32:21,970 --> 00:32:25,510 CONVERSATION WITH HIGHER EDUCATION AND YET, THIS IS THE 905 00:32:25,510 --> 00:32:29,320 GROUP THAT TRAINS MORE OF OUR COLLEGE STUDENTS THAN ANY 906 00:32:29,320 --> 00:32:34,980 OTHER GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS IN THE COUNTRY. MORE THAN HALF OF OUR STUDENTS WHO ARE AT 907 00:32:34,980 --> 00:32:37,250 THE UNIVERSITIES AND THE FOUR-YEAR UNIVERSITIES 908 00:32:37,250 --> 00:32:41,860 – FOR YOUR COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES HAVE A 10 DID COMMUNITY 909 00:32:41,860 --> 00:32:45,680 COLLEGES. SO THIS IS AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF ADDRESSING 910 00:32:45,680 --> 00:32:49,720 THE CHANGE THAT WE NEED TO MAKE IN STEM MORE BROADLY. 911 00:32:49,720 --> 00:32:52,260 AND I URGE THE UNIVERSITIES THAT ARE REPRESENTED HERE 912 00:32:52,260 --> 00:32:56,140 TODAY TO CONSIDER THE COLLABORATIONS AND ALLIANCES THAT 913 00:32:56,140 --> 00:32:59,650 YOU CAN FORM WITH THE COMMUNITY COLLEGES WHO REACH INTO 914 00:32:59,650 --> 00:33:02,950 MANY OF THE COMMUNITIES THAT WE SO MUCH WANT TO DRAW 915 00:33:02,950 --> 00:33:10,220 UPON FOR OUR FUTURE STEM WORKFORCE. THEY ALSO, IN THE FC STEM FIVE-YEAR PLAN, 916 00:33:10,220 --> 00:33:13,680 EMPHASIZE RESEARCH EXPERIENCES AND THE IMPORTANCE OF 917 00:33:13,680 --> 00:33:17,690 GETTING AUTHENTIC EXPERIENCES TO OUR STEM STUDENTS 918 00:33:17,690 --> 00:33:19,890 EARLY ON IN THEIR CAREERS. 919 00:33:19,890 --> 00:33:23,340 HAVING THEM UNDERSTAND WHAT A STEM EXPERIENCE MEANS, 920 00:33:23,340 --> 00:33:26,570 WHAT A STEM CAREER MEANS, WHAT IT MEANS TO DO RESEARCH 921 00:33:26,570 --> 00:33:29,290 AND INVESTIGATE NOT JUST MEMORIZE INFORMATION THAT 922 00:33:29,290 --> 00:33:34,990 SOMEBODY ELSE HAD DISCOVERED. AND FINALLY, THEY EMPHASIZE MATHEMATICS SUCCESS. 923 00:33:34,990 --> 00:33:37,950 THAT IS ABSOLUTELY CRITICAL IN THE FIELDS THAT 924 00:33:37,950 --> 00:33:44,020 CONTRIBUTE TO NASA. AND WE NEED TO BE FOCUSING ON MATH, PARTICULARLY, 925 00:33:44,020 --> 00:33:45,020 JUST 926 00:33:45,020 --> 00:33:48,460 ABOUT OVER THE MINUTE TALK ABOUT TODAY WILL CONNECT 927 00:33:48,460 --> 00:33:53,220 WITH THE MATH CURRICULUM. SO I HOPE YOU WILL THINK ABOUT AS WE GO THROUGH 928 00:33:53,220 --> 00:33:56,560 THE THOUGHTS THAT I LIKE TO SHARE WITH YOU TODAY. 929 00:33:56,560 --> 00:33:59,740 PRESIDENT OBAMA, FOLLOWING THE T CAST REPORT CALLED 930 00:33:59,740 --> 00:34:03,730 ENGAGE TO EXCEL THE DAVID MENTION, I PUT OUT THE GOAL 931 00:34:03,730 --> 00:34:08,510 OF TRAINING 100 – OR 1 MILLION MORE STEM COLLEGE 932 00:34:08,510 --> 00:34:11,839 GRADUATES OVER THE NEXT – AT THAT POINT IT WAS OVER THE 933 00:34:11,839 --> 00:34:14,950 NEXT DECADE. IT IS NO LONGER A DECADE. 934 00:34:14,950 --> 00:34:18,770 THAT WAS ACCOMPANIED BY HIS EARLIER COMMITMENT TO TRAIN 935 00:34:18,770 --> 00:34:27,310 100,000 MORE OUTSTANDING STEM TEACHERS. MADE ENORMOUS ADVANCES IN BOTH OF THESE, PARTICULARLY 936 00:34:27,310 --> 00:34:34,159 IN THE TRAINING OF STEM TEACHERS. THE K-12 WORKFORCE, OF COURSE, NEEDS MORE 937 00:34:34,159 --> 00:34:37,319 TEACHERS TRAINED IN STEM FIELDS BECAUSE SO MANY OF 938 00:34:37,319 --> 00:34:43,460 THE EARLIER YEAR TEACHERS IN K-6 ACTUALLY HAVE AN ALLERGY 939 00:34:43,460 --> 00:34:46,690 TO STEM. A WANT TO AVOID STEM AT ALL COSTS AND THEY 940 00:34:46,690 --> 00:34:49,609 PASS ON THAT ALLERGY TO THEIR STUDENTS. 941 00:34:49,609 --> 00:34:52,029 AND SO THAT IS AN IMPORTANT AUDIENCE THAT WE NEED TO 942 00:34:52,029 --> 00:34:58,470 REACH ARE THE K-12 TEACHERS. THE PRESIDENTS INITIATIVE OF 100,000 MORE 943 00:34:58,470 --> 00:35:02,039 TRAINED STEM TEACHERS IS ABOUT HALFWAY THROUGH. 944 00:35:02,039 --> 00:35:05,170 SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THAT INITIATIVE, WE HAVE SEEN 945 00:35:05,170 --> 00:35:08,760 THE INTRODUCTION OF 50,000 MORE STEM TEACHERS INTO THE 946 00:35:08,760 --> 00:35:12,430 WORKFORCE AND THERE SHOULD BE ANOTHER 50,000 IN 947 00:35:12,430 --> 00:35:16,500 TRAINING BY THE END OF THE ADMINISTRATION. SO I THINK THAT IS ONE OF THE ADMINISTRATION'S 948 00:35:16,500 --> 00:35:19,859 MOST SUCCESSFUL EFFORTS AND BE AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT 949 00:35:19,859 --> 00:35:23,869 IN LEADING THE MILLION MORE STEM GRADUATES OF 950 00:35:23,869 --> 00:35:28,460 COLLEGE THAT WE AIM FOR IN 2022. 951 00:35:28,460 --> 00:35:31,850 SO WHAT ELSE TO WE NEED TO DO TO ACHIEVE THAT WORK 952 00:35:31,850 --> 00:35:35,509 FORCE? AND SO, WE LOOKED AT THIS IN THE GROUP THAT 953 00:35:35,509 --> 00:35:39,770 WROTE THE ENGAGE TO EXCEL REPORT AND WE FOUND THAT THERE 954 00:35:39,770 --> 00:35:42,800 WAS A REAL CHALLENGE AND OPPORTUNITY, PARTICULARLY 955 00:35:42,800 --> 00:35:43,800 IN COLLEGE. 956 00:35:43,800 --> 00:35:48,700 I'M GOING TO FOCUS ON THIS TYPE OF EDUCATION BECAUSE OF 957 00:35:48,700 --> 00:35:51,470 OUR AUDIENCE TODAY, AS WE'RE DEALING WITH UNIVERSITIES 958 00:35:51,470 --> 00:35:55,069 AND COLLEGES. YOU ARE THE LEADERS THAT CAN MAKE THE DIFFERENCE 959 00:35:55,069 --> 00:35:58,470 HERE. WE KNOW FROM THE EVIDENCE THAT 60 PERCENT 960 00:35:58,470 --> 00:36:03,140 OR MORE OF STUDENTS WHO START COLLEGE INTERESTED IN STEM 961 00:36:03,140 --> 00:36:06,800 AND UP GRADUATING IN A NON-STAMP FIELD. 962 00:36:06,800 --> 00:36:11,759 THAT IS APPALLING. THAT SAYS THAT WE ARE OUTSTANDING AT DRIVING 963 00:36:11,759 --> 00:36:14,540 STUDENTS AWAY FROM STEM FIELDS. 964 00:36:14,540 --> 00:36:18,369 RATHER THAN FUNNELING THEM INTO THEM AS DAVID SAID. 965 00:36:18,369 --> 00:36:21,170 WE HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY IN OUR INTRODUCTORY COURSES TO 966 00:36:21,170 --> 00:36:25,420 EXCITE STUDENTS ABOUT – TO SHOW THEM THE THRILL OF THE 967 00:36:25,420 --> 00:36:29,289 STEM CAREER, THE CHALLENGES, THE EXCITEMENT OF SOLVING 968 00:36:29,289 --> 00:36:33,550 BIG PROBLEMS, SERVING SOCIETY, CHANGING THE WORLD AND 969 00:36:33,550 --> 00:36:36,690 YET, WHAT WE DO INSTEAD IS CONVINCE THEM THAT STEM IS 970 00:36:36,690 --> 00:36:40,470 NOT FOR THEM. WE NEED TO GET RID OF THAT WEED OUT UNTALENTED 971 00:36:40,470 --> 00:36:43,980 THAT SO MANY OF OUR INTRODUCTORY COURSES HAVE AN INSTEAD, 972 00:36:43,980 --> 00:36:46,990 MAKE THEM MORE WELCOMING TWO MORE KINDS OF STUDENTS 973 00:36:46,990 --> 00:36:50,570 AND NOT TAKE PRIDE IN THE FACT THAT MANY OF OUR STUDENTS 974 00:36:50,570 --> 00:36:52,450 DO NOT DO WELL IN THOSE COURSES. 975 00:36:52,450 --> 00:36:56,279 WE SHOULD BE ASHAMED OF THAT. WE SHOULD BE WORKING TO ASSURE THAT EVERY 976 00:36:56,279 --> 00:37:01,220 STUDENT WHO WANTS TO BE A STEM MAJOR CAN SUCCEED IN STEM. 977 00:37:01,220 --> 00:37:05,200 SO, WHAT WE FOUND WAS THAT THE PROBLEM GOES BEYOND JUST 978 00:37:05,200 --> 00:37:09,819 A GENERAL STATISTIC. IT IS EVEN WORSE WHEN YOU LOOK AT STATISTIC 979 00:37:09,819 --> 00:37:14,519 GROUPS. THIS IS FROM A REPORT THAT WAS PRODUCED BY 980 00:37:14,519 --> 00:37:16,400 THE NATIONAL ACADEMY. 981 00:37:16,400 --> 00:37:20,329 IT SHOWED THAT RETENTION OF CERTAIN MINORITY GROUPS IS 982 00:37:20,329 --> 00:37:25,460 SO MUCH WORSE, THAT IS LOW IS HALF OF THE RATE OF 983 00:37:25,460 --> 00:37:30,390 RETENTION OCCURS IN SOME OF THE – THE MINORITY GROUPS 984 00:37:30,390 --> 00:37:34,630 AS WITH WHITE MEN. SO WITH WHITE MEN, YOU MAY HAVE – IN SOME 985 00:37:34,630 --> 00:37:38,400 STUDIES, A FIVE YEAR DEGREE COMPLETION RATE IN STEM FIELDS 986 00:37:38,400 --> 00:37:42,520 OF ABOUT 34 PERCENT AND IN SEVERAL MINORITY GROUPS, 987 00:37:42,520 --> 00:37:45,269 IT'S AROUND 17 AND 18 PERCENT. 988 00:37:45,269 --> 00:37:46,500 THAT IS SIMPLY NOT ACCEPTABLE. 989 00:37:46,500 --> 00:37:49,980 IT IS NOT ACCEPTABLE THAT STUDENTS GENERALLY DO NOT 990 00:37:49,980 --> 00:37:52,150 GRADUATE WHEN THEY ARE INTERESTED IN STEM, BUT IT'S 991 00:37:52,150 --> 00:37:58,660 EVEN MORE APPALLING THAT WE HAVE AN FORM OF DISCRIMINATION GOING ON THAT DRIVES MINORITY 992 00:37:58,660 --> 00:38:01,910 STUDENTS OUT OF STEM FIELDS. 993 00:38:01,910 --> 00:38:05,130 SO WHAT CAN WE DO? WHAT CAN WE DO TO CHANGE THAT? 994 00:38:05,130 --> 00:38:08,519 IF WE WANT TO MEET THIS GOAL OF 1 MILLION MORE STEM 995 00:38:08,519 --> 00:38:13,470 WORKERS WITH COLLEGE DEGREES BY 2022, WE HAVE TO BE 996 00:38:13,470 --> 00:38:17,150 AGGRESSIVE ABOUT NOT ONLY RETAINING ALL STUDENTS IN 997 00:38:17,150 --> 00:38:20,589 STEM, BUT FOCUSING SPECIFICALLY ON MINORITY GROUPS AND 998 00:38:20,589 --> 00:38:23,609 WOMEN TO ENSURE THAT WE HAVE THE DIVERSITY IN THE 999 00:38:23,609 --> 00:38:26,350 WORKFORCE THAT WILL MAKE IT A TRULY POWERFUL WORK 1000 00:38:26,350 --> 00:38:29,780 FORCE. WE KNOW FROM EXTENSIVE RESEARCH THAT MORE 1001 00:38:29,780 --> 00:38:32,980 DIVERSE GROUPS ARE MORE CREATIVE AND COME UP WITH 1002 00:38:32,980 --> 00:38:35,759 MORE SOLUTIONS AND MORE INTERESTING SOLUTIONS TO 1003 00:38:35,759 --> 00:38:39,030 PROBLEMS AND THEY ALSO WILL BE ABLE TO DEFEND THEIR 1004 00:38:39,030 --> 00:38:41,280 SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS BETTER. 1005 00:38:41,280 --> 00:38:45,609 ALL OF THOSE ARE IMPORTANT ELEMENTS FOR OUR STEM FIELD. 1006 00:38:45,609 --> 00:38:48,619 SO LET'S TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE TREMENDOUS DIVERSITY, 1007 00:38:48,619 --> 00:38:52,569 THE HALLMARK OF THE UNITED STATES IS OUR DIVERSITY AND 1008 00:38:52,569 --> 00:38:56,500 TO USE IT AS OUR GREATEST STRENGTH AS IT IS AND NOT 1009 00:38:56,500 --> 00:39:01,380 IGNORE IT AND SQUEEZE OUT SOME GROUPS FROM OUR STEM 1010 00:39:01,380 --> 00:39:05,240 FIELD. SO I WOULD LIKE TO TURN OUT TO THE THREE ELEMENTS 1011 00:39:05,240 --> 00:39:08,789 OF STEM FOR ALL, WHICH I SEE IS ON HUNTING ALL 1012 00:39:08,789 --> 00:39:13,819 OF THE WORK THAT THE PRESIDENT HAS DONE ON DIVERSITY AND 1013 00:39:13,819 --> 00:39:16,599 EDUCATION AND IN STEM SPECIFICALLY FOR THE PREVIOUS 1014 00:39:16,599 --> 00:39:21,210 SEVEN YEARS. THESE, I THINK, ARE ELEMENTS OF THE PLAN THAT 1015 00:39:21,210 --> 00:39:25,690 WILL AUGMENT OF EVERYTHING THAT WE'VE DONE IS A 1016 00:39:25,690 --> 00:39:29,140 GOVERNMENT. WE WILL MAKE SURE THEY HAVE THE IMPACT THAT 1017 00:39:29,140 --> 00:39:32,839 THEY HAVE WITHOUT CREATING BOTTLENECKS AT VARIOUS POINTS 1018 00:39:32,839 --> 00:39:34,440 IN EDUCATION SYSTEM. 1019 00:39:34,440 --> 00:39:38,390 I'D LIKE TO START WITH THE ACTIVE LEARNING ASPECT. 1020 00:39:38,390 --> 00:39:41,010 MANY OF YOU MAY BE FAMILIAR WITH ACTIVE LEARNING, WHICH 1021 00:39:41,010 --> 00:39:47,050 IS, BY THE WAY, NOT WHAT I'M DOING RIGHT NOW. UNFORTUNATELY, MOST OF OUR STEM COURSES ARE 1022 00:39:47,050 --> 00:39:48,050 TAUGHT – 1023 00:39:48,050 --> 00:39:51,400 ESPECIALLY THE INTRODUCTORY ONES – IN A VERY DIDACTIC 1024 00:39:51,400 --> 00:39:56,420 WAY WHERE WE LECTURE AT OUR STUDENTS. WE TELL THEM WHAT WE WANT THEM TO KNOW RATHER 1025 00:39:56,420 --> 00:39:59,849 THAN HAVING THEM TRULY ENGAGE WITH KNOWLEDGE. 1026 00:39:59,849 --> 00:40:03,250 THERE IS WORK GOING BACK MORE THAN 50 YEARS SHOWING 1027 00:40:03,250 --> 00:40:06,660 THAT WHEN PEOPLE ENGAGE AT ANY LEVEL, ENGAGE WITH 1028 00:40:06,660 --> 00:40:09,890 KNOWLEDGE, THEREFORE MORE LIKELY TO LEARNED THAT IF 1029 00:40:09,890 --> 00:40:14,579 THEY ARE SIMPLY TOLD IT. THIS IS A VERY SIMPLE EXAMPLE FROM SOME OF 1030 00:40:14,579 --> 00:40:18,529 THE EARLY WORK THAT IF YOU ASK PEOPLE TO REMEMBER A 1031 00:40:18,529 --> 00:40:23,800 WORD, SAYING FAST AND RAPID ARE RELATED WORDS, HAVE SIMILAR 1032 00:40:23,800 --> 00:40:26,450 MEANING, THEY WILL BE MUCH LESS LIKELY TO REMEMBER 1033 00:40:26,450 --> 00:40:31,029 THE TWO WORDS YOU SAID THAT IF YOU ASKED THEM TO SOLVE A 1034 00:40:31,029 --> 00:40:34,079 PROBLEM, A SIMPLE PROBLEM LIKE THIS BEING ABLE TO FILL 1035 00:40:34,079 --> 00:40:36,799 IN THE LETTERS OF THE WORD RAPID WHERE THEY HAVE 1036 00:40:36,799 --> 00:40:41,079 TO THINK AND ENGAGE IN THE PROBLEM RATHER THAN SIMPLY MEMORIZE 1037 00:40:41,079 --> 00:40:43,039 THE WORK THAT YOU GAVE THEM. 1038 00:40:43,039 --> 00:40:46,480 AND SO, USING THAT AS A PRINCIPAL, WE CAN EXPAND THAT 1039 00:40:46,480 --> 00:40:50,049 AN EXTENDED TO ALL OF STEM EDUCATION AND IT IS NOT A 1040 00:40:50,049 --> 00:40:53,980 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH. IT'S A PRINCIPLE OF GETTING STUDENT INVOLVED 1041 00:40:53,980 --> 00:40:57,400 AND ENGAGED IN IN THEIR STEM EDUCATION. 1042 00:40:57,400 --> 00:41:00,660 THE BEAUTY OF ACTIVE LEARNING IS THAT THERE ARE MANY 1043 00:41:00,660 --> 00:41:04,569 DIFFERENT WAYS OF CONDUCT IT IN ANY SIZE CLASS IN ANY 1044 00:41:04,569 --> 00:41:08,069 MATCH. AND SO IT CAN BE ANYTHING FROM CASE STUDIES 1045 00:41:08,069 --> 00:41:11,650 TO SIMPLY ASKING STUDENTS TO WRITE A QUESTION ON A NOTE 1046 00:41:11,650 --> 00:41:15,080 CARD AS THEY ARE LEAVING CLASS OR DOING QUIZZES BEFORE 1047 00:41:15,080 --> 00:41:18,740 CLASS. THERE IS A BEAUTIFUL STUDY FROM STANFORD SHOWING 1048 00:41:18,740 --> 00:41:21,859 THAT WHEN STUDENTS ENGAGE BEFORE A LECTURE, THEY 1049 00:41:21,859 --> 00:41:24,609 ARE FAR MORE LIKELY TO LEARN OF THE LECTURE THAN IF 1050 00:41:24,609 --> 00:41:26,720 THEY ENGAGE AFTER THE LECTURE. 1051 00:41:26,720 --> 00:41:30,599 SO AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT MIGHT BE TO DEVELOP QUIZZES OR 1052 00:41:30,599 --> 00:41:34,750 ACTIVE PROBLEM-SOLVING BEFORE STUDENTS ENTER THEIR 1053 00:41:34,750 --> 00:41:37,259 LECTURES. SO IT DOESN'T MEAN THROWING OUT EVERYTHING 1054 00:41:37,259 --> 00:41:41,190 WE'VE DONE FOR THE LAST 30 YEARS OF OUR CAREERS. 1055 00:41:41,190 --> 00:41:44,519 A LOT OF PEOPLE ARE INTIMIDATED BY THAT. 1056 00:41:44,519 --> 00:41:46,820 THEY SAY UP IN TEACHING MY PHYSICS COURSE THE SAME WAY 1057 00:41:46,820 --> 00:41:50,530 FOR DECADES. I DON'T REALLY WANT OVER HOLLY COMPLETELY. 1058 00:41:50,530 --> 00:41:55,859 IT DOES NOT REQUIRE THAT. IT REQUIRES INTERJECTING STRATEGIC USE OF 1059 00:41:55,859 --> 00:41:59,420 ACTIVE LEARNING, ANYTHING THAT WILL ENGAGE STUDENTS 1060 00:41:59,420 --> 00:42:03,470 IN THE PROCESS OF THINKING, PROBLEM-SOLVING AND HELPING 1061 00:42:03,470 --> 00:42:05,579 OTHERS LEARN AS WELL. 1062 00:42:05,579 --> 00:42:08,519 AND SO, ENGAGEMENT IS A VERY IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF THAT 1063 00:42:08,519 --> 00:42:12,960 AND IT DOES NOT HAVE TO HAPPEN IN THE CLASSROOM, ALTHOUGH IT CERTAINLY CAN, EVEN IN MASSIVE 1064 00:42:12,960 --> 00:42:15,430 LECTURES OF 1000 PEOPLE. 1065 00:42:15,430 --> 00:42:19,519 IF THERE IS NO PROBLEM INVOLVING STUDENTS DURING THE 1066 00:42:19,519 --> 00:42:22,349 LECTURE. BUT IT CAN HAPPEN OUTSIDE AS WELL, WHICH IS 1067 00:42:22,349 --> 00:42:25,499 OFTEN LESS INTIMIDATING TO FACULTY. 1068 00:42:25,499 --> 00:42:28,349 STUDENTS TEACHING STUDENTS IS ONE OF THE VERY BEST WAYS 1069 00:42:28,349 --> 00:42:32,130 WE KNOW IT HAS BEEN SHOWN FOR YEARS TO HAPPEN IN OR 1070 00:42:32,130 --> 00:42:35,550 MISLEAD POSITIVE AFFECT ON LEARNING, BUT ON MUCH MORE 1071 00:42:35,550 --> 00:42:39,250 THAN LEARNING. WHAT WE HAVE FOUND HER RESEARCH IS THAT NOT 1072 00:42:39,250 --> 00:42:43,380 ONLY IS LEARNING INCREASED BY ACTIVE LEARNING APHIDS, 1073 00:42:43,380 --> 00:42:46,740 BUT IT ALSO INCREASES RETENTION OF STEM MAJORS. 1074 00:42:46,740 --> 00:42:49,279 STUDENTS THAT HAVE BEEN ACTIVELY GAUGED ARE MORE LIKELY 1075 00:42:49,279 --> 00:42:52,319 TO BE RETAINED IN THE STEM MAJORS, BUT THEY ARE MORE 1076 00:42:52,319 --> 00:42:54,790 LIKELY TO BE RETAINED IN COLLEGE GENERALLY WHICH I 1077 00:42:54,790 --> 00:42:57,940 THINK IS AN INTERESTING STATEMENT ABOUT WHAT WE HAVE 1078 00:42:57,940 --> 00:43:00,670 BEEN DOING IN TERMS OF A COMFORT, THE EXCITEMENT, THE 1079 00:43:00,670 --> 00:43:04,930 GAUGE MEANT IN THE SUCCESS OF OUR STUDENTS GENERALLY 1080 00:43:04,930 --> 00:43:08,250 WITH THE PASSIVE FORMS OF TEACHING THAT WE HAVE USED. 1081 00:43:08,250 --> 00:43:13,170 THE REDUCTION IN VERY POOR GRADES IS QUITE STRIKING IN 1082 00:43:13,170 --> 00:43:20,210 MOST OF THE STUDIES OF ACTIVE LEARNING. STUDENTS ARE MORE LIKELY TO DEVELOP NOT ONLY 1083 00:43:20,210 --> 00:43:22,299 THE MEMORIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE SKILLS, BUT THE 1084 00:43:22,299 --> 00:43:27,519 HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS OF EVALUATION, SYNTHESIS, 1085 00:43:27,519 --> 00:43:32,190 AND UNDERSTANDING OF DATA AND INFORMATION. 1086 00:43:32,190 --> 00:43:34,359 AND ONE OF THE THINGS I THINK IS SO IMPORTANT AND 1087 00:43:34,359 --> 00:43:37,329 ACTIVE LEARNING AND PARTICULARLY IN THE RESEARCH 1088 00:43:37,329 --> 00:43:40,349 ENGAGEMENT THAT I TALKED ABOUT EARLIER THAT FC STEM IS 1089 00:43:40,349 --> 00:43:44,529 RECOMMENDED IS THAT STUDENTS DEVELOP AN IDENTITY A 1090 00:43:44,529 --> 00:43:47,859 SCIENTIST. AND THAT IS CRITICAL FOR THEM TO FEEL PART 1091 00:43:47,859 --> 00:43:51,140 OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY AND PARTICULARLY, FOR 1092 00:43:51,140 --> 00:43:54,619 STUDENTS LIKE WOMEN AND MINORITIES WHO HAVE NOT NECESSARILY 1093 00:43:54,619 --> 00:43:58,450 SEEN ROLE MODELS IN THEIR PAST THAT LOOK LIKE THEM. 1094 00:43:58,450 --> 00:44:01,509 AND THEY CAN'T QUITE IMAGINE THEMSELVES PART OF THAT 1095 00:44:01,509 --> 00:44:03,920 SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY BECAUSE THEY DO NOT LOOK LIKE THE 1096 00:44:03,920 --> 00:44:08,720 SCIENTIST THAT THEY HAVE SEEN. IT'S CRITICAL THAT THEY, EARLY ON IN THEIR 1097 00:44:08,720 --> 00:44:11,509 SCHOOLING, DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT IT FEELS 1098 00:44:11,509 --> 00:44:15,069 LIKE TO BE A SCIENTIST TO BE PART OF THE GROUP OF SCIENTISTS 1099 00:44:15,069 --> 00:44:21,579 THAT'S WHAT ME MEAN BY THE IDENTITY OF SCIENTISTS. 1100 00:44:21,579 --> 00:44:24,559 ONE OF THE EXCITING RINGS THAT WE'RE LOOKING FORWARD TO 1101 00:44:24,559 --> 00:44:29,380 COMING UP THIS FALL IS ACTIVE LEARNING DATE THAT WAS 1102 00:44:29,380 --> 00:44:33,089 ANNOUNCED BY THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION AT SCIENCE 1103 00:44:33,089 --> 00:44:37,299 FAIR LAST APRIL. THIS IS A BACK TO SCHOOL AFTER THAT WE'LL 1104 00:44:37,299 --> 00:44:41,499 ENGAGE INSTRUCTORS AT ALL LEVELS FROM K-12 THROUGH 1105 00:44:41,499 --> 00:44:43,190 GRADUATE SCHOOL. 1106 00:44:43,190 --> 00:44:48,309 AND WE HOPE THAT IT WILL BE FOLLOWED. IT WILL BE OCCURRING EARLY AND SET TEMPER 1107 00:44:48,309 --> 00:44:51,140 AND THEN WE ARE HOPING THAT IT WILL BE FOLLOWED BY ENGAGEMENT 1108 00:44:51,140 --> 00:44:54,769 BY COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES ACROSS THE COUNTRY 1109 00:44:54,769 --> 00:44:57,600 AND COMMITTING TO INVOLVING THEIR FACULTY AND 1110 00:44:57,600 --> 00:45:01,279 THEIR STUDENTS AND ACTIVE LEARNING IN STEM CLASSES. 1111 00:45:01,279 --> 00:45:04,420 WE DO NOT EXPECT A RADICAL CHANGE AT THE BEGINNING, BUT 1112 00:45:04,420 --> 00:45:08,980 WE FEEL THAT IF MANY, MANY INSTITUTIONS ENGAGE, EVEN A 1113 00:45:08,980 --> 00:45:12,119 SMALL AMOUNT AND ACTIVE LEARNING, MANY OF OUR 1114 00:45:12,119 --> 00:45:15,029 INSTRUCTORS WOULD OVERCOME THE INITIAL BARRIERS TO 1115 00:45:15,029 --> 00:45:17,470 USING ACTIVE LEARNING. IT'S NEW AND DIFFERENT. 1116 00:45:17,470 --> 00:45:20,099 IT'S SCARY. THEY DON'T FEEL EXPERT AT IT. 1117 00:45:20,099 --> 00:45:23,420 BUT IF WE GET MANY PEOPLE TO TRY IT, PERHAPS THEY WILL 1118 00:45:23,420 --> 00:45:26,859 FIND THE EXCITEMENT OF ENGAGING THEIR STUDENTS, SEE THE 1119 00:45:26,859 --> 00:45:30,279 VALUABLE FOR THEIR STUDENTS AND THEMSELVES IN USING AN 1120 00:45:30,279 --> 00:45:34,160 ACTIVE APPROACH IN THE CLASSROOM AND WILL BEGIN TO SEE 1121 00:45:34,160 --> 00:45:38,692 CHANGE. THE NEXT AREA OF STEM FOR ALL IS OF COURSE 1122 00:45:38,692 --> 00:45:42,119 ACCESS. AND I WOULD LIKE TO JUST MENTION IT BRIEFLY. 1123 00:45:42,119 --> 00:45:48,829 IT'S FOCUSING ON K-12 BECAUSE THAT'S WHERE ACCESS TENDS 1124 00:45:48,829 --> 00:45:54,609 TO BE MORE DISCRIMINATORY THAN AT OTHER LEVELS. SO I WILL NOT SPEND A LOT OF TIME ON IT SINCE 1125 00:45:54,609 --> 00:45:57,859 THIS IS REALLY FOCUSED MORE ON THE UNIVERSITY AND 1126 00:45:57,859 --> 00:45:58,859 COLLEGE LEVEL. 1127 00:45:58,859 --> 00:46:02,730 SO THERE ARE SEVERAL APPROACHES THAT WE'VE SUGGESTED TO 1128 00:46:02,730 --> 00:46:06,859 INCREASE COURSE ACCESS AND SEVERAL OF THESE ARE UNDER 1129 00:46:06,859 --> 00:46:11,259 WAY. THE CHALLENGES THAT THE REPRESENTATION OF 1130 00:46:11,259 --> 00:46:14,420 OUR AP COURSES, THE ADVANCED COURSES, AS WELL AS 1131 00:46:14,420 --> 00:46:19,869 COMPUTER SCIENCE AT ALL LEVELS IS DIFFERENTIAL ACCORDING 1132 00:46:19,869 --> 00:46:23,960 TO SCHOOL DISTRICT AND ACCORDING TO STATE AND 1133 00:46:23,960 --> 00:46:26,030 ACCORDING TO PART OF THE COUNTRY. 1134 00:46:26,030 --> 00:46:28,400 SO THERE ARE, FOR EXAMPLE, MANY SOUTHERN STATES AND 1135 00:46:28,400 --> 00:46:32,770 WESTERN STATES THAT HAVE VERY LOW RATES OF AP COURSE 1136 00:46:32,770 --> 00:46:36,640 COMPLETION AND THOSE RATES ARE EVEN LOWER, MUCH LOWER, 1137 00:46:36,640 --> 00:46:43,890 AMONG WOMEN AND NUMBERS OF NORDIC GROUPS. AND SO, WE NEED TO BE OFFERING THE AP CURRICULUM 1138 00:46:43,890 --> 00:46:47,749 OR BROADLY, MORE EVENLY, ACROSS THE UNITED STATES 1139 00:46:47,749 --> 00:46:50,650 AND MAKE SURE THAT ALL STUDENTS IN HIGH SCHOOLS WHO 1140 00:46:50,650 --> 00:46:54,230 ARE INTERESTED IN ADVANCED COURSES CAN TAKE THEM. 1141 00:46:54,230 --> 00:46:57,819 THERE IS A STRONG ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ADVANCED COURSES 1142 00:46:57,819 --> 00:47:01,810 ACCESS AND RETENTION IN COLLEGE AND SUCCESS IN COLLEGE 1143 00:47:01,810 --> 00:47:04,650 CURRICULUM GENERALLY, NOT JUST IN STEM, BUT MORE 1144 00:47:04,650 --> 00:47:09,920 BROADLY. AND SO WE ARE DEPRIVING STUDENTS OF AN EXPERIENCE 1145 00:47:09,920 --> 00:47:13,299 THAT WILL DO HATE MUCH OF THEIR SUCCESS LATER ON, 1146 00:47:13,299 --> 00:47:17,099 NOT JUST A HIGH SCHOOL EXPERIENCE, BY DENYING THEM ACCESS 1147 00:47:17,099 --> 00:47:19,240 TO AP ACCESS. 1148 00:47:19,240 --> 00:47:28,710 ONE OF THE EFFORTS OF THE INITIATIVE IS TO FOCUS ON 1149 00:47:28,710 --> 00:47:33,309 COMPUTER SCIENCE. YOU MAY HAVE HEARD COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR ALL 1150 00:47:33,309 --> 00:47:37,710 ANOTHER WHITE HOUSE INITIATIVE THAT GENERATED $4 BILLION 1151 00:47:37,710 --> 00:47:41,540 OF SUPPORT FROM PRIVATE INDUSTRY TO HELP STUDENTS 1152 00:47:41,540 --> 00:47:42,540 ACQUIRE 1153 00:47:42,540 --> 00:47:44,660 THE SKILLS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE THAT ARE NEEDED FOR 1154 00:47:44,660 --> 00:47:49,670 TODAY'S AND TOMORROW'S WORKFORCE. THAT HAS BEEN AN INCREDIBLE SUCCESS ACROSS 1155 00:47:49,670 --> 00:47:53,239 PRIVATE INDUSTRY COMMITTED TO HELPING STUDENTS AND 1156 00:47:53,239 --> 00:47:58,339 SCHOOLS HAVE ACCESS TO THE RIGHT EQUIPMENT, THE RIGHT EXPERTISE 1157 00:47:58,339 --> 00:48:00,930 AND THE EXPERIENCES THAT WILL TRULY EQUIP THEM 1158 00:48:00,930 --> 00:48:02,630 FOR THE FUTURE. 1159 00:48:02,630 --> 00:48:06,150 WE'RE TRYING ALSO TO ACHIEVE FEDERAL FUNDING FOR THAT 1160 00:48:06,150 --> 00:48:14,290 AND WE ARE HOPING THAT THE COLLABORATIVE PRIVATE PARTNER WILL REALLY CHANGE THE FACE OF COMPUTER 1161 00:48:14,290 --> 00:48:17,190 SCIENCE AND K-12 TEACHING BECAUSE AS WE ALL KNOW, 1162 00:48:17,190 --> 00:48:21,529 THE ABILITY TO CODING USE COMPUTERS THE ABILITY TO PROGRAM 1163 00:48:21,529 --> 00:48:25,109 ARE TO BE SKILLS THAT ARE NEEDED NOT ONLY IN STEM 1164 00:48:25,109 --> 00:48:33,690 FIELDS, BUT ACROSS ALL OF OUR WORKFORCE ON THIS ISSUE 1165 00:48:33,690 --> 00:48:37,440 OF VIRUS. AND THAT IS SOMETHING THAT DAVID MENTIONED 1166 00:48:37,440 --> 00:48:42,150 IMPLICIT BIAS OR THE ASSUMPTIONS MADE ABOUT PEOPLE 1167 00:48:42,150 --> 00:48:46,900 CUSS OF STEREOTYPES THAT WE ARE FAMILIAR WITH. 1168 00:48:46,900 --> 00:48:51,200 IT IS ONE OF THE – IT REPRESENTS ONE OF THE MOST 1169 00:48:51,200 --> 00:48:55,670 INSIDIOUS FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION ACROSS ALL OF OUR 1170 00:48:55,670 --> 00:48:59,869 SECTORS AND PARTICULARLY AFFECTS MINORITIES AND WOMEN 1171 00:48:59,869 --> 00:49:03,700 IN STEM FIELDS. SO I WOULD LIKE TO TALK ABOUT A FEW KINDS 1172 00:49:03,700 --> 00:49:08,460 OF EVIDENCE THAT BIAS IS GREATLY AFFECTING OUR STEM WORK 1173 00:49:08,460 --> 00:49:11,599 FORCE. I'D LIKE TO START WITH SOME EMPLOYMENT DATA, 1174 00:49:11,599 --> 00:49:15,589 WHICH IS NOT PROOF OF ANYTHING, BUT IS AN OBSERVATION. 1175 00:49:15,589 --> 00:49:19,079 AND THEN SOME MORE EXPLANATORY OR MECHANISTIC STUDIES 1176 00:49:19,079 --> 00:49:23,049 WHICH ARE RANDOM CONTROLLED STUDIES THAT SHOW THE 1177 00:49:23,049 --> 00:49:28,200 EVIDENCE OF BIAS AND THEN LOOK AT THE EFFECTS OF 1178 00:49:28,200 --> 00:49:33,799 CHANGING BIAS THROUGH PRACTICAL INTERVENTION IN 1179 00:49:33,799 --> 00:49:40,009 INSTITUTIONS, BUT ALSO IN THE MASS MEDIA. IF WE LOOK AT SOME OF THE EMPLOYMENT DATA 1180 00:49:40,009 --> 00:49:44,539 IN THE US, THESE ARE DATA FROM THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION, 1181 00:49:44,539 --> 00:49:47,819 WE SEE THAT THE SALARIES OF MEN AND WOMEN WHO 1182 00:49:47,819 --> 00:49:51,820 HAVE NATURAL OTHERS TO GREECE INSTEAD ARE QUITE DIFFERENT. 1183 00:49:51,820 --> 00:49:54,900 AND SO IF YOU LOOK ACROSS THE ENTIRE WORKFORCE, THIS IS 1184 00:49:54,900 --> 00:50:06,130 ALL AGES, WE SEE THAT THE AVERAGE RAIL SALARY IN STEM – 1185 00:50:06,130 --> 00:50:09,119 THE MAIL SALARIES 80,000 IN THE AVERAGE FEMALE SOCIETY 1186 00:50:09,119 --> 00:50:10,119 IS 65,000. 1187 00:50:10,119 --> 00:50:13,289 WHEN WE FIRST LOOKED AT THE DATA WE WONDERED IF PERHAPS 1188 00:50:13,289 --> 00:50:15,881 THERE'S BEEN MORE MEN IN STEM FOR LONGER AND SO THEY 1189 00:50:15,881 --> 00:50:20,579 HAVE THE MORE SENIOR JOBS. BUT VERY WISELY, THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION 1190 00:50:20,579 --> 00:50:25,359 LOOKED AT THAT QUESTION I LOOKING AT PEOPLE IN THE 1191 00:50:25,359 --> 00:50:29,349 WORKFORCE WHO WERE 29 IN YOUNGER WHEN YOU CAN IMAGINE 1192 00:50:29,349 --> 00:50:31,839 THEY WERE TRAINED IN YEARS WHEN THERE WAS MUCH MORE. 1193 00:50:31,839 --> 00:50:40,109 T IN THE STEM MAJORS AND YOU SEE THAT PERCENTAGEWISE, THE DIFFERENCE IS EVEN GREATER. 1194 00:50:40,109 --> 00:50:47,890 53 VERSUS 40,000. SO THIS IS A PERSISTENT DIFFERENT IN PAY. 1195 00:50:47,890 --> 00:50:51,760 WE DO NOT KNOW WHY THIS IS. WE CANNOT SAY THAT IT IS DISCRIMINATION, BUT 1196 00:50:51,760 --> 00:50:54,579 IT CERTAINLY IS SUSPICIOUS THAT PEOPLE WITH THE 1197 00:50:54,579 --> 00:50:59,180 SAME DEGREE, ON AVERAGE, MAKE SUCH DIFFERENT SALARIES. 1198 00:50:59,180 --> 00:51:03,040 SO WE BEGAN TO LOOK AT THIS AND OTHER – THROUGH OTHER 1199 00:51:03,040 --> 00:51:07,529 DATA. AND IF YOU LOOK AT SOME OF THE CONTROLLED 1200 00:51:07,529 --> 00:51:11,170 EXPERIMENTS, YOU FIND THAT THERE IS TREMENDOUS BIAS AND 1201 00:51:11,170 --> 00:51:14,279 IT IS NOT A SURPRISE THAT SALARIES WOULD DIFFER GREATLY 1202 00:51:14,279 --> 00:51:17,710 IN STEM FIELDS BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN. 1203 00:51:17,710 --> 00:51:21,079 SO, ONE OF THE CLASSIC EXPERIMENTS WAS TO HAVE 1204 00:51:21,079 --> 00:51:25,310 REVIEWERS RATE THE VERBAL SKILLS OF A PERSON – THIS IS 1205 00:51:25,310 --> 00:51:28,900 NOT NECESSARILY IN STEM – BASED ON READING A SHORT 1206 00:51:28,900 --> 00:51:35,299 PARAGRAPH THAT THAT PERSON SUPPOSEDLY WROTE. AND IF THE REVIEWER WAS TOLD THAT THE WRITER 1207 00:51:35,299 --> 00:51:38,319 WAS AN AFRICAN-AMERICAN, THEY RATED THE SKILLS OF 1208 00:51:38,319 --> 00:51:39,460 THE PERSON LOWER. 1209 00:51:39,460 --> 00:51:46,180 THE SAME PARAGRAPH JUST TOLD IN AN AFRICAN-AMERICAN WROTE THE PARAGRAPH WILL TRY THAT RATING DOWN. 1210 00:51:46,180 --> 00:51:49,039 INTERESTINGLY, IF THERE TOLD AMY AND WROTE IT THEY WILL 1211 00:51:49,039 --> 00:51:52,829 ALSO REDUCE THEIR RATING WITH A RATING WILL BE REDUCED 1212 00:51:52,829 --> 00:51:56,309 BECAUSE THERE SEEMS TO BE A STEREOTYPE THAT IN THE CASE 1213 00:51:56,309 --> 00:52:01,641 OF RACE, THAT WHITES RICE BETTER THAN AFRICAN-AMERICANS AND THAT WOMEN WRITE BETTER THAN MEN. 1214 00:52:01,641 --> 00:52:05,599 THAT IS A CASE WHERE WE HAVE A LITTLE BIT OF REVERSAL 1215 00:52:05,599 --> 00:52:10,180 DISCRIMINATION. IT CAN WORK BOTH WAYS PASTE ON WHATEVER THE 1216 00:52:14,880 --> 00:52:11,180 STEREOTYPES 1217 00:52:14,880 --> 00:52:18,230 CORRECT, BUT EVEN IF THEY WERE, AND THIS IS A CRITICAL 1218 00:52:18,230 --> 00:52:23,960 POINT THAT GETS LOST IN THE CONVERSATION. EVEN IF, IN GENERAL, THE STEREOTYPES WERE 1219 00:52:23,960 --> 00:52:28,589 CORRECT, THEY DO NOT APPLY TO ANY INDIVIDUAL NECESSARILY. 1220 00:52:28,589 --> 00:52:31,299 ANOTHER EXPERIMENT THAT I PARTICULARLY LIKE IS ONE 1221 00:52:31,299 --> 00:52:35,109 WHERE THEY ASK PEOPLE TO ESTIMATE THE HEIGHTS OF MEN 1222 00:52:35,109 --> 00:52:39,300 AND WOMEN. PUT THEM IN A DOORWAY OF STANDARD HEIGHT. 1223 00:52:39,300 --> 00:52:42,069 PEOPLE CONSISTENTLY OVERESTIMATED THE HEIGHTS OF THE 1224 00:52:42,069 --> 00:52:44,670 MEN AND UNDERESTIMATED THE HEIGHTS OF THE WOMEN. 1225 00:52:44,670 --> 00:52:48,480 THAT IS AN EXAMPLE WHERE THERE IS A STEREOTYPE THAT IS 1226 00:52:48,480 --> 00:52:50,970 TRUE. THAT IS A STEREOTYPE THAT MEN ARE ON AVERAGE 1227 00:52:50,970 --> 00:52:54,450 TALLER THAN WOMEN, BUT THE STEREOTYPE WRITES US TO 1228 00:52:54,450 --> 00:52:58,960 THE WRONG ANSWER THAT'S ONE OF THE REASON STEREOTYPES 1229 00:52:58,960 --> 00:53:00,890 ARE DESTRUCTIVE. 1230 00:53:00,890 --> 00:53:05,650 WHETHER TRUE OR NOT ON AN AVERAGE OF POPULATION LEVEL, 1231 00:53:05,650 --> 00:53:07,680 IT DOES NOT MATTER WHEN YOU ARE DEALING WITH THE 1232 00:53:07,680 --> 00:53:11,220 INDIVIDUAL. YOU WILL GET TO THE WRONG ANSWER IF YOU ENABLE 1233 00:53:11,220 --> 00:53:14,050 THOSE STEREOTYPES TO ENTER INTO A DECISION-MAKING 1234 00:53:14,050 --> 00:53:17,819 PROCESS. AND SO, THINK THAT'S AN IMPORTANT POINT BECAUSE 1235 00:53:17,819 --> 00:53:21,239 IT TAKES THE CONVERSATION AWAY FROM WHAT HAPPENS 1236 00:53:21,239 --> 00:53:25,290 ON AN AVERAGE FOCUSES ON THE EVALUATIONS THAT WE 1237 00:53:25,290 --> 00:53:30,260 MAKE EVERY DAY ABOUT INDIVIDUALS, MEN, WOMEN, AFRICAN-AMERICANS, 1238 00:53:30,260 --> 00:53:34,410 NATIVE AMERICANS, HISPANICS, DISABLED PEOPLE, ANYBODY 1239 00:53:34,410 --> 00:53:39,960 COMING INTO OUR STEM FIELDS. WE EVALUATED THEM BASED ON THEIR OWN MERITS 1240 00:53:39,960 --> 00:53:42,150 AND THEIR OWN TALENTS? 1241 00:53:42,150 --> 00:53:45,630 OR ARE WE EVALUATING THEM BASED ON THE STEREOTYPES THAT 1242 00:53:45,630 --> 00:53:52,849 MAY OR MAY NOT APPLY TO THE? ANOTHER TYPE OF STUDY THAT IS REALLY QUITE 1243 00:53:52,849 --> 00:53:56,549 POWERFUL IS A LONG HISTORY – AND THERE ARE ABOUT 40 1244 00:53:56,549 --> 00:54:01,000 OR 50 YEARS OF THE STUDIES – WHERE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED 1245 00:54:01,000 --> 00:54:04,420 OR EXPERIMENTS ARE SET UP WHERE IDENTICAL APPLICATIONS 1246 00:54:04,420 --> 00:54:06,970 ARE GIVING TO EVALUATORS. 1247 00:54:06,970 --> 00:54:10,430 THE EVALUATORS HARASSED WHETHER THEY WOULD HIRE THE 1248 00:54:10,430 --> 00:54:14,840 PERSON OR NOT. A DIFFERENT NAME IS RANDOMLY PLACED ON THE 1249 00:54:14,840 --> 00:54:19,460 APPLICATIONS IN THE EVALUATORS TO SEE ONE APPLICATION WITH 1250 00:54:19,460 --> 00:54:21,980 EITHER THE MAN OR THE WOMAN'S NAME AND THIS HAS BEEN 1251 00:54:21,980 --> 00:54:23,400 DONE WITH RACE AS WELL. 1252 00:54:23,400 --> 00:54:26,910 IN THE EXPERIMENT COMES OUT THE SAME EVERY TIME. 1253 00:54:26,910 --> 00:54:30,900 THIS IS ESPECIALLY EVIDENT IN THE STEM FEEL 'S OR IN 1254 00:54:30,900 --> 00:54:36,069 FIELDS WHERE WOMEN ARE LESS WELL REPRESENTED TO DOOR 1255 00:54:36,069 --> 00:54:42,479 MINORITIES ARE IN MORE NUMBERS THAN MEN. PEOPLE ARE MORE LIKELY TO HIRE A PERSON IF 1256 00:54:42,479 --> 00:54:46,039 THE APPLICATION HAS A MAN'S NAME ON IT IN A FIELD 1257 00:54:46,039 --> 00:54:47,880 THAT IS DOMINATED BY MEN. 1258 00:54:47,880 --> 00:54:51,859 IN OVER 40 YEARS WE HAVE NOT SEEN A CHANGE IN THIS. 1259 00:54:51,859 --> 00:54:54,489 AND THAT IS AN INTERESTING PHENOMENON BECAUSE WE ALL 1260 00:54:54,489 --> 00:55:00,010 KNOW THAT EXPLICIT BIAS AND PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION HAS BEEN DIMINISHED OVER THE 1261 00:55:00,010 --> 00:55:01,680 LAST 40 YEARS. 1262 00:55:01,680 --> 00:55:05,720 BUT WHAT THIS SAYS IS THAT THE BIASES THAT WE DON'T 1263 00:55:05,720 --> 00:55:07,480 THINK ABOUT, THE ONES THAT ARE COMING FROM THE 1264 00:55:07,480 --> 00:55:11,460 UNCONSCIOUS THAT ARE EMBEDDED THROUGH CULTURAL EXPOSURE 1265 00:55:11,460 --> 00:55:15,089 FOR PROBABLY CENTURIES, ARE THE ONES THAT ARE NOT 1266 00:55:15,089 --> 00:55:18,369 CHANGING. THOSE ARE THE ONES WE NEED TO FOCUS ON IN 1267 00:55:18,369 --> 00:55:22,279 STEM NOW. WE KNOW WHAT'S ILLEGAL AND ALTHOUGH, AS DAVID 1268 00:55:22,279 --> 00:55:26,329 SAID, WE NEED TO WORK HARDER TO ENFORCE OUR LAWS FOR 1269 00:55:26,329 --> 00:55:31,319 EQUAL OPPORTUNITY, BUT THE IMPLICIT BIASES ARE NOT 1270 00:55:31,319 --> 00:55:34,420 AS OBVIOUSLY ILLEGAL, ALTHOUGH THERE IS SOME 1271 00:55:34,420 --> 00:55:38,829 EVIDENCE FROM THE LAW THAT THEY CAN BE USED IN COURT AS 1272 00:55:38,829 --> 00:55:42,039 SIGNS OF DISCRIMINATION. 1273 00:55:42,039 --> 00:55:45,480 BUT WHETHER LEGAL OR NOT, THEY ARE WRONG AND THEY LEAD 1274 00:55:45,480 --> 00:55:49,640 US TO THE WRONG ANSWERS AND WE NEED THOSE OUT. 1275 00:55:49,640 --> 00:55:55,259 I TALKED ABOUT THIS A LONG TIME WHEN I WAS A PROFESSOR 1276 00:55:55,259 --> 00:55:59,170 AND I KEPT HEARING THE SAME ANSWER OR REACTION FROM 1277 00:55:59,170 --> 00:56:03,640 MANY PEOPLE. AND WISE THAT WE DO NOT KNOW THAT THIS EXTENDS 1278 00:56:03,640 --> 00:56:07,859 TO STEM. WE KNOW IT IS TRUE AND LOTS OF OTHER FIELDS 1279 00:56:07,859 --> 00:56:13,380 DOMINATED BY MEN OR MAJORITY PEOPLE, BUT WE DO NOT KNOW 1280 00:56:13,380 --> 00:56:14,380 THAT 1281 00:56:14,380 --> 00:56:16,319 SCIENTISTS CAN'T OVERCOME THOSE BIASES BECAUSE THEY ARE 1282 00:56:16,319 --> 00:56:21,420 TRAINED TO BE OBJECTIVE. AND ALTHOUGH THAT DOES NOT MAKE SENSE BECAUSE 1283 00:56:21,420 --> 00:56:24,200 WE ARE TALKING ABOUT IMPLICIT AND UNCONSCIOUS FUNCTIONS. 1284 00:56:24,200 --> 00:56:28,619 WE ARE NOT TALKING ABOUT THE COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS OF THE 1285 00:56:28,619 --> 00:56:34,020 CONSCIOUS MIND. AS A PROFESSOR, I GOT REALLY DISPARAGING OF 1286 00:56:34,020 --> 00:56:36,769 OVER CONVINCING COLLEAGUES THAT THIS WAS REALLY 1287 00:56:36,769 --> 00:56:38,299 APPLYING TO THEM. 1288 00:56:38,299 --> 00:56:42,420 AND SO, I RESEARCH GROUP IN MY TEACHING SIDE OF MY 1289 00:56:42,420 --> 00:56:56,849 PROGRAM DECIDED TO DO THE EXPERIMENTS. AND SO, WE TOOK 127 IDEOLOGISTS, CHEMISTS 1290 00:56:56,849 --> 00:57:00,640 AND PHYSICISTS AT UNIVERSITIES ACROSS THE COUNTRY. 1291 00:57:00,640 --> 00:57:04,599 THESE WERE TOP UNIVERSITIES, PUBLIC, PRIVATE, ALL AREAS 1292 00:57:04,599 --> 00:57:10,279 OF THE COUNTRY. WE SENT EACH OF THOSE FACULTY MEMBERS A DESCRIPTION 1293 00:57:10,279 --> 00:57:12,760 OF A STUDENT, JUST ONE DESCRIPTION. 1294 00:57:12,760 --> 00:57:15,479 WE RANDOMLY ASSIGNED THE NAME EITHER JENNIFER OR JOHN 1295 00:57:15,479 --> 00:57:19,619 TO THE DESCRIPTION. AND WE ASKED THEM ABOUT THE COMPETENCE OF 1296 00:57:19,619 --> 00:57:22,680 THE STUDENT, WHETHER THEY WOULD HIRE THE STUDENT AS A LAB 1297 00:57:22,680 --> 00:57:26,749 MANAGER, WITH THEY WOULD PROVIDE THE STUDENT MENTORING 1298 00:57:26,749 --> 00:57:29,329 AND WHAT SALARY THEY WOULD PROVIDE THE STUDENT. 1299 00:57:29,329 --> 00:57:35,259 AND THE RESULTS WERE QUITE STRIKING. SO IN HIRING JOHN WAS MUCH MORE LIKELY TO 1300 00:57:35,259 --> 00:57:37,220 BE HIGHER THAN JENNIFER. 1301 00:57:37,220 --> 00:57:43,609 THIS IS ON A LIKELIHOOD – LIKE SCALE UP TO FIVE POINTS. 1302 00:57:43,609 --> 00:57:47,680 AND THE RESULT WAS HIGHLY SIGNIFICANT AND IT WAS SPREAD 1303 00:57:47,680 --> 00:57:50,880 THROUGHOUT THE POPULATION. ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WAS STRIKING WAS THAT 1304 00:57:50,880 --> 00:57:55,079 AFTER WE COLLECTED ONLY 26 RESPONSES, THE RESULTS WERE 1305 00:57:55,079 --> 00:57:58,979 STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT SUGGESTING THIS WAS A 1306 00:57:58,979 --> 00:58:03,569 WIDESPREAD BIAS, NOT JUST A FEW OUTLIERS CHANGING THE 1307 00:58:03,569 --> 00:58:06,099 MEAN. AND THEN WE ASKED WHETHER JOHN OR JENNIFER 1308 00:58:06,099 --> 00:58:08,950 WOULD RECEIVE MENTORING AND THIS WAS ONE THAT I 1309 00:58:08,950 --> 00:58:11,839 LIVE IT SURPRISED ME THE MOST AND THEY SAID THAT THEY 1310 00:58:11,839 --> 00:58:16,470 WERE LESS LIKELY TO MENTOR JENNIFER AND JOHN. 1311 00:58:16,470 --> 00:58:19,019 AND THIS WAS DESPITE THE FACT THAT ON AVERAGE, THEY 1312 00:58:19,019 --> 00:58:22,970 LIKED JENNIFER MORE THAN JOHN. THEIR REACTION WAS MORE POSITIVE WHEN THE 1313 00:58:22,970 --> 00:58:26,890 STUDENT WAS FEMALE, BUT THEY WERE STILL LESS LIKELY TO 1314 00:58:26,890 --> 00:58:30,119 MENTOR HER. IT WAS NOT DRIVEN BY LIKE. 1315 00:58:30,119 --> 00:58:33,410 AND THE SALARY THEY WOULD OFFER EACH OF THE STUDENT WAS 1316 00:58:33,410 --> 00:58:37,619 QUITE DIFFERENT. ABOUT 15 PERCENT DIFFERENT, A DIFFERENCE IN 1317 00:58:37,619 --> 00:58:40,390 SALARY. JENNIFER, COURSE, RECEIVING THE LOWER SALARY. 1318 00:58:40,390 --> 00:58:44,119 IF YOU CALCULATE THE CUMULATIVE EARNINGS OVER A 1319 00:58:44,119 --> 00:58:47,920 LIFETIME OF THIS DIFFERENCE IN STARTING SALARY, YOU GET 1320 00:58:47,920 --> 00:58:50,630 UP INTO THE HIGH HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OR MILLIONS OF 1321 00:58:50,630 --> 00:58:57,180 DOLLARS OF DIFFERENT OF LIFETIME EARNINGS. SO THIS IS A PRETTY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE 1322 00:58:57,180 --> 00:59:01,319 IN TREATMENT OF JENNIFER AND JOHN. 1323 00:59:01,319 --> 00:59:04,720 INTERESTINGLY, THE GENDER OF THE FACULTY DID NOT 1324 00:59:04,720 --> 00:59:07,640 MATTER. AND THIS IS CONSISTENT WITH ALL THE STUDIES 1325 00:59:07,640 --> 00:59:12,499 PREVIOUSLY ON HIRING AND EVALUATION OF ANY WOMEN'S HEIGHTS 1326 00:59:12,499 --> 00:59:15,940 AND MANY WOMEN WRITING ABILITY. 1327 00:59:15,940 --> 00:59:19,619 IT DOES NOT MATTER WHETHER YOU ARE FROM ONE GROUP OR 1328 00:59:19,619 --> 00:59:25,170 THE OTHER, THIS EXTENDS AS WELL TO RAISE. THE PREJUDICES AND THE IMPLICIT I – BIAS 1329 00:59:25,170 --> 00:59:28,609 YOU SEEM TO BE THE SAME WHEN THEY COME FROM THE UNCONSCIOUS 1330 00:59:28,609 --> 00:59:33,999 MIND. JENNIFER AND JOHN WERE EVALUATED ACCORDING 1331 00:59:33,999 --> 00:59:38,650 TO THEIR GENDER AND NOT THEIR QUALITIES AND JOHN WINS 1332 00:59:38,650 --> 00:59:43,070 OUT ON JUST ABOUT EVERY FRONT EXCEPT LIKABILITY. 1333 00:59:43,070 --> 00:59:50,339 SO THIS IS AMONG FACULTY. THIS IS AMONG FACULTY IN THE SCIENCES, IN 1334 00:59:50,339 --> 00:59:53,029 BIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS DEPARTMENTS. 1335 00:59:53,029 --> 00:59:58,829 IT DOESN'T CHANGE WITH THE RANK OF THE FACULTY. SO THAT SUGGESTS THAT PEOPLE ARE NOT JUST 1336 00:59:58,829 --> 01:00:01,259 CHANGING BECAUSE THE NUMBERS ARE CHANGING. 1337 01:00:01,259 --> 01:00:09,479 IT ALSO DOESN'T CHANGE WITH THE FIELD. BIOLOGY HAS BEEN GRADUATING 50 PERCENT WOMEN 1338 01:00:09,479 --> 01:00:13,220 UNDERGRADUATES FOR DECADES AND YET, BIOLOGISTS WERE NO 1339 01:00:13,220 --> 01:00:18,170 MORE LIKELY TO HIRE JENNIFER THEN THE PHYSICISTS OR 1340 01:00:18,170 --> 01:00:19,359 CHEMISTS. 1341 01:00:19,359 --> 01:00:23,470 SO THAT SAYS THAT THESE BIASES ARE VERY WELL INGRAINED. 1342 01:00:23,470 --> 01:00:27,499 THEY ARE NOT INFLUENCED WHAT WE SEE AROUND US ON A 1343 01:00:27,499 --> 01:00:35,460 DAILY BASIS IN OUR ADULT LIVES AS PROFESSIONALS. AND THEY ARE NOT LIKELY TO CHANGE UNLESS WE 1344 01:00:35,460 --> 01:00:37,510 DO SOMETHING TO INTERVENE. 1345 01:00:37,510 --> 01:00:42,769 SO, THE QUESTION IS WHAT DO WE DO ABOUT THESE BIASES? 1346 01:00:42,769 --> 01:00:45,390 THESE ARE NOT THE ONLY BIASES THAT WE HAVE TO WORRY 1347 01:00:45,390 --> 01:00:49,329 ABOUT. THE BIASES COME UP IN THE AREAS OTHER THAN 1348 01:00:49,329 --> 01:00:51,630 HIRING. A COUPLE OF STUDIES THAT HAVE COME OUT IN 1349 01:00:51,630 --> 01:00:54,400 THE LAST COUPLE OF YEARS I FIND PARTICULARLY FASCINATING. 1350 01:00:54,400 --> 01:00:58,989 THE FIRST ONE WAS BY CATHERINE MILLMAN'S GROUP AT THE 1351 01:00:58,989 --> 01:01:01,980 UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA WITH A LOOK AT FACULTY'S 1352 01:01:01,980 --> 01:01:04,661 RESPONSE TO EMAILS WITH THE ONLY DIFFERENCE ON THE 1353 01:01:04,661 --> 01:01:08,910 EMAIL BEING THE NAME. THEY USED CLASSIC ASIAN NAMES, CLASSICALLY 1354 01:01:08,910 --> 01:01:15,829 AFRICAN-AMERICAN, HISPANIC OR AVERAGE WHITE NAMES. 1355 01:01:15,829 --> 01:01:21,630 AND WITH APPROACHES TO 6500 FACULTY ACROSS THE COUNTRY, 1356 01:01:21,630 --> 01:01:25,490 THEY ASKED SIMPLE QUESTIONS LIKE – ONE QUESTION: WOULD 1357 01:01:25,490 --> 01:01:31,960 YOU MEET WITH ME TO DISCUSS A RESEARCH PROJECT? AND OVERALL, SHOULD SAY WE SHOULD ALL BE EMBARRASSED 1358 01:01:31,960 --> 01:01:35,759 THAT THE OVERALL RATE OF RESPONSE WAS PRETTY LOW TO ALL 1359 01:01:35,759 --> 01:01:39,569 STUDENTS. BUT IT WAS MUCH LOWER WITH MINORITIES AND 1360 01:01:39,569 --> 01:01:43,150 WOMEN. SO THIS IS ASKING FOR 10 MINUTES OF A FACULTY 1361 01:01:43,150 --> 01:01:47,599 MEMBER'S TIME AND THE RESPONSE RATE, NOT EVEN ASKING 1362 01:01:47,599 --> 01:01:50,099 TO GET A POSITIVE RESPONSE, JUST GETTING A RESPONSE 1363 01:01:50,099 --> 01:01:55,339 AT ALL, WAS AFFECTED BY THE STUDENT'S GENDER AND THEIR 1364 01:01:55,339 --> 01:01:57,440 RACE OR ETHNIC CITY. 1365 01:01:57,440 --> 01:02:00,920 ANOTHER STUDY LOOKED AT THE BIOMEDICAL FACULTY AND THEY 1366 01:02:00,920 --> 01:02:05,739 LOOK AT THE COMPOSITION OF LABS THAT WERE RUN BY THESE 1367 01:02:05,739 --> 01:02:10,130 FACULTY IN THEY CALLED – THE THAT THEY FOCUSED ON, THE 1368 01:02:10,130 --> 01:02:14,910 ELITE FACULTY. THESE ARE WINNERS UP NOBEL PRIZE, MY INVESTIGATORS 1369 01:02:14,910 --> 01:02:17,529 AND MEMBERS OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND 1370 01:02:17,529 --> 01:02:19,289 A FEW OTHER MAJOR HONORS. 1371 01:02:19,289 --> 01:02:23,519 AND AMONG THIS GROUP, THEY FOUND THAT THE FREQUENT 1372 01:02:23,519 --> 01:02:27,420 CIVIL WOMEN GRADUATE STUDENTS IN THOSE LABS OR WOMEN 1373 01:02:27,420 --> 01:02:35,769 LAB MEMBERS WAS A LOWERS AMONG THE MEN. AND SO THIS WAS SICK IF IT CAN BECAUSE THE 1374 01:02:35,769 --> 01:02:40,309 WOMEN ELITE LABS OR THE ELITE LABS RUN BY WOMEN HAD 50-50 1375 01:02:40,309 --> 01:02:41,680 MANY WOMEN. 1376 01:02:41,680 --> 01:02:45,660 BUT THE ELITE LABS RUN BY MEN HAD A LOWER FREQUENCY OF 1377 01:02:45,660 --> 01:02:50,549 WOMEN. THIS MATTERS BECAUSE THEY ALSO FOUND THAT 1378 01:02:50,549 --> 01:02:54,890 THE MAJORITY OF OUR ASSISTANT PROFESSORS COME FROM ABOUT 1379 01:02:54,890 --> 01:02:56,979 FIVE PERCENT OF OUR LABS. 1380 01:02:56,979 --> 01:03:00,859 BY MY CALCULATION LOOK LIKE OR THAT 50 PERCENT OF OUR 1381 01:03:00,859 --> 01:03:03,969 ASSISTANT PROFESSORS ARE HIRED OUT OF ABOUT FIVE 1382 01:03:03,969 --> 01:03:08,910 PERCENT OF THE LABS IN THIS COUNTRY. AND, OF COURSE, THOSE TEND TO BE THE ELITE 1383 01:03:08,910 --> 01:03:12,529 LABS. THAT SAYS TO BECOME AN ASSISTANT PROFESSOR 1384 01:03:12,529 --> 01:03:16,849 IN THIS COUNTRY, YOU HAVE TO GO TO THIS SET OF OF 1385 01:03:16,849 --> 01:03:21,119 BEING VERY LIKELY IN AN ELITE LAB THAT AUTOMATICALLY, 1386 01:03:21,119 --> 01:03:26,700 ON AVERAGE, HAS FEWER WOMEN THAN OTHER LABS. 1387 01:03:26,700 --> 01:03:30,369 SO THAT SAYS THAT WE HAVE A REAL PROBLEM WITH THE 1388 01:03:30,369 --> 01:03:34,269 BOTTLENECK THAT WE CREATE OF GRADUATE TRAINING IN OUR 1389 01:03:34,269 --> 01:03:37,420 ELITE LABS THAT ARE TRAINING MOST OF OUR FACULTY FOR 1390 01:03:37,420 --> 01:03:42,539 THE NEXT GENERATION. AND WE NEED TO LOOK AT THAT VERY CAREFULLY. 1391 01:03:42,539 --> 01:03:46,569 I THINK THE STATISTICS IN THE RESEARCH THAT I DESCRIBED 1392 01:03:46,569 --> 01:03:48,979 ARE PARTICULARLY FRIGHTENING BECAUSE OF THE NUMBER OF 1393 01:03:48,979 --> 01:03:55,509 INTERACTIONS ARE FACULTY HAVE WITH OUR STUDENTS. JUST TO NAME A FEW THAT MAKE OUR FACULTY DATE 1394 01:03:55,509 --> 01:03:59,519 KEEPERS OF STEM EDUCATION AND STEM CAREERS. 1395 01:03:59,519 --> 01:04:04,680 OBVIOUSLY, THEY OFFER ADVISING. MOST OF THE ADVISORS IN OUR UNIVERSITIES ARE 1396 01:04:04,680 --> 01:04:09,019 FACULTY. THEY ALSO PROVIDE INFORMAL ACCESS TO OPPORTUNITY. 1397 01:04:09,019 --> 01:04:12,520 IF THEY'RE GOING TO RECOMMEND A STUDENT TO ANOTHER LAB, 1398 01:04:12,520 --> 01:04:17,710 WILL THEY RECOMMEND A MALE OR FEMALE OR AN AFRICAN-AMERICAN OR A WHITE STUDENT WITH THE 1399 01:04:17,710 --> 01:04:21,829 SAME FREQUENCY IF THE STUDENTS HAVE THE SAME CONFIDENCE? 1400 01:04:21,829 --> 01:04:24,819 I THINK THEY ON THE RESEARCH, WE CAN ASSUME NO. 1401 01:04:24,819 --> 01:04:30,690 I THINK THAT IS A PRETTY, ON AVERAGE, RELIABLE ASSUMPTION. 1402 01:04:30,690 --> 01:04:34,670 STUDENTS ALSO RELY ON FACULTY OR ANY EXPERTS IN THEIR 1403 01:04:34,670 --> 01:04:38,660 FIELD OR ANYBODY IN A MORE ADVANCED STAGE IN THE FIELD 1404 01:04:38,660 --> 01:04:43,210 FOR ADVICE, BUT ALSO FOR AN EVALUATION OF THE STUDENTS 1405 01:04:43,210 --> 01:04:48,819 OWN QUALITIES AND STRENGTHS. THAT IS HOW THEY GET THEIR GAUGE OF HOW GOOD 1406 01:04:48,819 --> 01:04:50,460 THEY ARE IN A FIELD. 1407 01:04:50,460 --> 01:04:53,420 AND IF STUDENTS ARE NEVER TOLD WHAT THEY ARE GOOD AT 1408 01:04:53,420 --> 01:04:55,230 WHAT THEY ARE NOT GOOD AT OR WHERE THEY NEED TO 1409 01:04:55,230 --> 01:04:58,599 IMPROVE, IS DIFFICULT FOR THEM TO FIGURE THAT OUT ON 1410 01:04:58,599 --> 01:05:02,070 THEIR OWN. AND THE EVIDENCE IS THAT MALE STUDENTS ARE 1411 01:05:02,070 --> 01:05:06,339 BEING TOLD ON A MORE REGULAR BASIS OR POSITIVE THINGS 1412 01:05:06,339 --> 01:05:07,710 ABOUT THEIR OWN ABILITIES. 1413 01:05:07,710 --> 01:05:11,749 THAT'S REINFORCING THEIR ABILITY TO THEN PURSUE THOSE 1414 01:05:11,749 --> 01:05:16,400 CAREER PATHS. THE OTHER THING THAT OUR FACULTY PROVIDES 1415 01:05:16,400 --> 01:05:18,019 IS A VISION OF THE FUTURE. 1416 01:05:18,019 --> 01:05:21,369 NOT ONLY ARE THEY A ROLE MODEL THAT A STUDENT HAD 1417 01:05:21,369 --> 01:05:24,390 IMAGINE FOLLOWING THE FOOTSTEPS OF, BUT THEY ALSO 1418 01:05:24,390 --> 01:05:29,690 SUGGEST CAREER DIRECTIONS. ARE THEY SUGGESTING THE MOST AMBITIOUS CAREERS 1419 01:05:29,690 --> 01:05:32,210 FOR OUR MINORITIES IN OUR WOMEN? 1420 01:05:32,210 --> 01:05:35,250 I THINK ON AVERAGE WE COULD GUESS PROBABLY NOT. 1421 01:05:35,250 --> 01:05:38,910 THEY ARE PROBABLY OFFERING SUGGESTIONS OF PROFESSIONAL 1422 01:05:38,910 --> 01:05:42,420 PADS THAT ARE JUST A LITTLE BIT LOWER, LESS AMBITIOUS 1423 01:05:42,420 --> 01:05:45,539 TO WOMEN AND MINORITY THEN TO WHITE MEN OF THE SAME 1424 01:05:45,539 --> 01:05:50,809 SKILLS AND QUALITIES. THE LAST KIND OF BIAS THAT I WANT TO MENTION 1425 01:05:50,809 --> 01:05:55,450 ARE THE BARRIERS THAT OCCUR THE COUSIN OF OLD BIASES 1426 01:05:55,450 --> 01:05:58,970 THAT HAPPEN PROBABLY MANY DECADES AGO OR EVEN CENTURIES 1427 01:05:58,970 --> 01:06:02,839 AGO THAT CREATE STRUCTURAL BARRIERS TO SUCCESS 1428 01:06:02,839 --> 01:06:05,430 IN OUR UNIVERSITY SYSTEM. 1429 01:06:05,430 --> 01:06:09,030 AND THOSE INCLUDE OFTEN GENDER BIAS BECAUSE, OF COURSE, 1430 01:06:09,030 --> 01:06:13,660 OUR UNIVERSITIES WERE STARTED BY – FOR THE MOST PART – 1431 01:06:13,660 --> 01:06:19,180 WHITE MEN. THE SYSTEM WAS BUILT WITH A CERTAIN LACK OF 1432 01:06:19,180 --> 01:06:24,359 ATTENTION TO THINGS LIKE WORKLIFE BALANCE OR CHILDCARE 1433 01:06:24,359 --> 01:06:28,849 OR SOME OF THE – THE ENTIRE LIFECYCLE THAT WOMEN HAVE 1434 01:06:28,849 --> 01:06:33,039 THAT MAN DON'T SHARE OR GO THROUGH A VERY DIFFERENT 1435 01:06:33,039 --> 01:06:34,480 LIFE CYCLE. 1436 01:06:34,480 --> 01:06:38,079 AND SO, WE NEED TO BE THINKING VERY CAREFULLY ABOUT HOW 1437 01:06:38,079 --> 01:06:42,269 WE STRUCTURE OUR INSTITUTIONS, OUR TENURE GAME. 1438 01:06:42,269 --> 01:06:49,390 HOW WE OFFER CHILDCARE, WHERE WE OFFER CHILDCARE. THE TENURE CLOCK EXTENSION AND WHAT KIND OF 1439 01:06:49,390 --> 01:06:50,719 STIGMA THERE IS. 1440 01:06:50,719 --> 01:06:53,359 MANY UNIVERSITIES HAVE THESE BUT THE FACULTY WON'T USE 1441 01:06:53,359 --> 01:06:56,519 THEM BECAUSE THERE'S A STICK ASSOCIATED WITH THEM. 1442 01:06:56,519 --> 01:07:00,500 SO HOW DO WE TREAT PEOPLE WHO WANT TO ENGAGE IN A 1443 01:07:00,500 --> 01:07:04,599 FAMILY LIFE OR SOME LIFE OUTSIDE OF WORK, ELDER CARE 1444 01:07:04,599 --> 01:07:11,229 FOR EXAMPLE, AS WELL AS A SCIENTIFIC CAREER? AND THEN FINALLY, WHAT ARE THE IMAGES THAT 1445 01:07:11,229 --> 01:07:14,479 WE POST AROUND THE INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING. 1446 01:07:14,479 --> 01:07:18,700 I I URGE YOU TO GO BACK TO THE INSTITUTIONS AND LOOK AT 1447 01:07:18,700 --> 01:07:22,559 THE FACES THAT YOU SEE A FORMER DEPARTMENT CHAIRS OR 1448 01:07:22,559 --> 01:07:27,160 LUMINARIES IN THE FIELD AND NOTICE HOW MANY WOMEN AND 1449 01:07:27,160 --> 01:07:34,359 MINORITIES ARE LACKING FROM THOSE IMAGES. AND THAT LEADS ME TO MY LAST TWO POINTS WHICH 1450 01:07:34,359 --> 01:07:38,569 ARE ON THE MITIGATION OF BIAS AND WHAT WE CAN DO 1451 01:07:38,569 --> 01:07:44,490 ABOUT IT. SO BRIEFLY, WE ARE IN PROGRESS RIGHT NOW THAT 1452 01:07:44,490 --> 01:07:47,769 WE ARE WORKING ON A REPORT FROM OS CP IN THE OFFICE 1453 01:07:47,769 --> 01:07:52,229 OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT ON A REPORT ON MITIGATING 1454 01:07:52,229 --> 01:07:59,089 IMPLICIT BIAS IN STEM FIELDS. 1455 01:07:59,089 --> 01:08:03,739 THAT REPORT HAS BEEN PREPARED BY – ABOUT 20 OF OUR 1456 01:08:03,739 --> 01:08:08,450 AGENCIES THAT ARE ENGAGED IN STEM FUNDING AND WE HOPE 1457 01:08:08,450 --> 01:08:11,450 TO HAVE THAT OUT IN THE NEXT MONTH OR TWO AND 1458 01:08:11,450 --> 01:08:13,880 HOPEFULLY, THAT WILL GIVE GUIDANCE, NOT ONLY TO OUR 1459 01:08:13,880 --> 01:08:18,460 FEDERAL AGENCIES, BUT ALSO TO OUR UNIVERSITIES AND 1460 01:08:18,460 --> 01:08:22,370 INDUSTRY ABOUT HOW TO REDUCE THE IMPACTS OF VIRUS IN 1461 01:08:22,370 --> 01:08:27,390 OUR WORKFORCE TO INCREASE THE EQUITY IN OUR WORKFORCE. 1462 01:08:27,390 --> 01:08:32,040 THE SECOND AREA THAT OS CP IS WORKING ON IS ON THE PASS 1463 01:08:32,040 --> 01:08:35,560 MEDIA AND HOW WE CAN USE THE MASS MEDIA TO CHANGE 1464 01:08:35,560 --> 01:08:39,510 ATTITUDES ABOUT STEM BEFORE THEY ARE SOLIDIFIED AND 1465 01:08:39,510 --> 01:08:44,510 BEFORE STUDENTS REACH THE COLLEGE LEVEL WHERE IT IS 1466 01:08:44,510 --> 01:08:50,080 HARD TO REVERSE SOME OF THE ATTITUDES. AND SO, WE HAVE BEEN WORKING WITH WRITERS 1467 01:08:50,080 --> 01:08:55,370 AND PRODUCERS AND EXECUTIVES IN THE FILM INDUSTRY AND TV 1468 01:08:55,370 --> 01:08:58,140 TO TALK ABOUT WHAT KINDS OF DEPICTION THEY COULD BE 1469 01:08:58,140 --> 01:09:02,330 OFFERING THE PUBLIC ABOUT SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS. 1470 01:09:02,330 --> 01:09:07,390 AND I THINK IF YOU LOOK ACROSS JUST A RANDOM COLLECTION 1471 01:09:07,390 --> 01:09:14,570 OF IMAGES OF WHAT SCIENTISTS LOOK LIKE. IF YOU GOOGLE STEM IN THE MEDIA, YOU WILL 1472 01:09:14,570 --> 01:09:17,590 FIND – YOU FIND PEOPLE BLOWING THINGS UP. 1473 01:09:17,590 --> 01:09:23,020 BUT ALSO NOTICE THAT YOU FIND MOSTLY WHITE PEOPLE AND 1474 01:09:23,020 --> 01:09:29,720 MOSTLY MEN. AND IF YOU ASK A FOURTH GRADER TO DRY A SCIENTIST, 1475 01:09:29,720 --> 01:09:33,180 THEY WILL DRAW A WHITE AND WITH A BEARD AND A BALD 1476 01:09:33,180 --> 01:09:36,570 HEAD AND GLASSES, USUALLY WEARING A LAB COAT AND SOMETIME 1477 01:09:36,570 --> 01:09:40,060 HOLDING A TEST TO WHICH IS EXACTLY THE SAME IMAGE WHEN 1478 01:09:40,060 --> 01:09:42,690 THEY DREW WHEN MARGARET MEAD DID THAT EXPERIMENT FOR 1479 01:09:42,690 --> 01:09:47,530 THE FIRST TIME IN 1953 ASKING CHILDREN TO DRY 1480 01:09:47,530 --> 01:09:51,300 SCIENTIST. BUT IF YOU GET STUDENTS ENGAGED IN DOING SCIENCE, 1481 01:09:51,300 --> 01:09:53,640 WHO WILL THEY DRAW A SCIENTIST? 1482 01:09:53,640 --> 01:09:57,640 THEMSELVES. SO WE HAVE AN EASY FIX THEY'RE IN THAT GOES 1483 01:09:57,640 --> 01:10:01,990 BACK TO THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM, BUT WE ALSO HAVE THE TOOLS 1484 01:10:01,990 --> 01:10:07,110 OF THE MASS MEDIA TO CHANGE SOME OF THOSE IMAGES. 1485 01:10:07,110 --> 01:10:09,850 ONE OF THE CRIMES OF THE MASS MEDIA HAS BEEN THE 1486 01:10:09,850 --> 01:10:13,480 OMISSION OF SOME OF THE GREAT WOMEN AND MINORITIES FROM 1487 01:10:13,480 --> 01:10:16,740 HISTORY. AND WHEN YOU ASK PEOPLE ABOUT WHY THERE ARE 1488 01:10:16,740 --> 01:10:20,530 NOT OR IMMINENT MINORITIES IN THE MASS MEDIA THEY'LL 1489 01:10:20,530 --> 01:10:24,170 OFTEN SAY THAT THERE HAVEN'T BEEN THAT MANY GREAT STORIES. 1490 01:10:24,170 --> 01:10:29,270 AND I THINK WE'RE STARTING TO SEE THAT CHANGE. AND ONE FIGURE THAT I WOULD LIKE TO MENTION 1491 01:10:29,270 --> 01:10:32,000 PARTICULARLY BECAUSE WE ARE HERE AT NASA SHE WAS SO 1492 01:10:32,000 --> 01:10:39,540 IMPORTANT TO NASA'S SUCCESSES CATHERINE JOHNSON. SHE WAS A GREAT FEMALE BLACK MATHEMATICIAN 1493 01:10:39,540 --> 01:10:41,880 IN THE 50S AND 60S. 1494 01:10:41,880 --> 01:10:44,860 LAST YEAR PRESIDENT OBAMA AWARDED HER THE MEDAL OF 1495 01:10:44,860 --> 01:10:49,560 FREEDOM. THIS MONTH SHE CELEBRATES HER 98TH BIRTHDAY 1496 01:10:49,560 --> 01:10:54,830 AND IS IN EXCELLENT HEALTH AND HAS A SHARP MIND TO THIS 1497 01:10:54,830 --> 01:10:57,640 DAY. CATHERINE IS KNOWN FOR THE GREAT WORK THAT 1498 01:10:57,640 --> 01:11:01,140 SHE DID THAT LAUNCHED SOME OF THE EARLY SPACE MISSIONS 1499 01:11:01,140 --> 01:11:05,440 AND IT SAID THAT JOHN GLENN WOULD GO INTO SPACE UNTIL 1500 01:11:05,440 --> 01:11:06,440 CATHERINE, AS 1501 01:11:06,440 --> 01:11:12,110 HE CALLED HER, HAD CHECKED THE MATH. I THINK THAT HOW THE STORY THAT MOST OF US 1502 01:11:12,110 --> 01:11:16,520 DID IN HERE. I GREW UP WITH ALL OF THE IMAGES AND THE POST 1503 01:11:16,520 --> 01:11:20,830 BUTTON AIR AND THE GREATNESS OF NASA AND THE GREAT 1504 01:11:20,830 --> 01:11:25,100 SCIENTISTS AND I NEVER ONCE HEARD A WOMAN UNTIL I HEARD 1505 01:11:25,100 --> 01:11:29,210 ABOUT A JAMISON AND SALLY RIDE MANY YEARS LATER AS 1506 01:11:29,210 --> 01:11:33,470 AN ADULT. SO I THINK WE NEED TO BE THINKING CAREFULLY 1507 01:11:33,470 --> 01:11:36,080 ABOUT WHAT HISTORY WE ARE TELLING. 1508 01:11:36,080 --> 01:11:41,520 AND THAT MESSAGE HAS BEEN HEARD BY HOLLYWOOD AND THERE 1509 01:11:41,520 --> 01:11:48,560 IS A FILM IN PRODUCTION. ONE OF MY STAFF WENT DOWN TO ATLANTA TO THE 1510 01:11:48,560 --> 01:11:49,560 PLACE THEY ARE FILMING. 1511 01:11:49,560 --> 01:11:55,410 I THINK THEY ARE JUST ABOUT DONE NOW. THEY HAVE THE VERY FAMOUS ACTRESS PLAYING 1512 01:11:55,410 --> 01:11:58,460 CATHERINE JOHNSON IN A FILM CALLED FIGURES. 1513 01:11:58,460 --> 01:12:03,890 WE ARE LOOKING FORWARD TO SEEING THAT REPRESENTATION OF 1514 01:12:03,890 --> 01:12:11,600 SOME GREAT WOMEN AND PARTICULARLY, BLACK WOMEN CONTRIBUTING TO THE EARLY DAYS OF NASA'S STEM 1515 01:12:11,600 --> 01:12:15,500 PROGRAM. WE'VE BEEN WORKING WITH THE ENTERTAINMENT 1516 01:12:15,500 --> 01:12:18,330 INDUSTRY. I SHOULD SAY WE ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR THAT 1517 01:12:18,330 --> 01:12:20,010 CATHERINE JOHNSON DEPICTION. 1518 01:12:20,010 --> 01:12:25,150 THEY CAME UP WITH THAT ON THEIR OWN. BUT WE'RE HOPING TO HAVE A LITTLE BIT OF INFLUENCE 1519 01:12:25,150 --> 01:12:28,920 ON SOME OF THE OTHERS BECAUSE HOLLYWOOD IS SO 1520 01:12:28,920 --> 01:12:32,750 POWERFUL IN THE IMAGES THAT WE ALL SEE AND THE IMAGES 1521 01:12:32,750 --> 01:12:36,500 THAT LIVE WITH US OF WHO CAN DO CERTAIN JOBS, WHO CAN 1522 01:12:36,500 --> 01:12:40,540 BE THE HEROES OF THE SPACE PROGRAM OF THE LABORATORIES, 1523 01:12:40,540 --> 01:12:43,780 OF THE FIELDS OF ALL OF STEM. 1524 01:12:43,780 --> 01:12:47,910 WE'VE BEEN TALKING WITH WRITERS, PRODUCERS, AND THERE'S 1525 01:12:47,910 --> 01:12:52,810 AND WE HAVE BEGUN TO SEE SOME VERY EXCITING RESULTS 1526 01:12:52,810 --> 01:12:56,890 FROM THOSE CONVERSATIONS. IT TURNS OUT THAT HOLLYWOOD IS VERY INTERESTED 1527 01:12:56,890 --> 01:12:58,600 IN THIS. THEY JUST NEVER HEARD ABOUT IT. 1528 01:12:58,600 --> 01:13:01,870 SO THE CONVERSATION HAS BEEN AN EASY ONE TO HAVE. 1529 01:13:01,870 --> 01:13:06,710 THEY ARE INTERESTED IN NEW STORYLINES. THEY ARE INTERESTED IN THE EXCITEMENT OF STEM. 1530 01:13:06,710 --> 01:13:09,370 THEY FEEL THAT THEY JUST DON'T KNOW ENOUGH AND THAT WE 1531 01:13:09,370 --> 01:13:13,171 CAN HELP THEM TO THE RESOURCES TO LEARN ABOUT THE GREAT 1532 01:13:13,171 --> 01:13:17,160 FIGURES IN STEM OR HELP THEM EVEN DEVELOP FICTIONAL 1533 01:13:17,160 --> 01:13:21,050 FIGURES IN STEM. WE'VE ALSO BEGUN TALKING TO THE ADVERTISING 1534 01:13:21,050 --> 01:13:23,680 COMMUNITY AND WE HAVE HAD AN AMAZING SUCCESS. 1535 01:13:23,680 --> 01:13:27,220 THERE'S A TYPO. IT SHOULD BE A'S THE. 1536 01:13:27,220 --> 01:13:30,030 THE ALLIANCE FOR FAMILY AND ENTERTAINMENT IS A VERY 1537 01:13:30,030 --> 01:13:32,990 POWERFUL GROUP THAT'S PART OF THE NATIONAL ADVERTISERS 1538 01:13:32,990 --> 01:13:38,660 ASSOCIATION. THE NATIONAL ADVERTISERS REPRESENT 85 PERCENT 1539 01:13:38,660 --> 01:13:41,490 OF THE ADVERTISING ON TELEVISION. 1540 01:13:41,490 --> 01:13:44,430 THEY HAVE MADE A PLEDGE TO CHANGE THE DEPICTION OF 1541 01:13:44,430 --> 01:13:48,280 WOMEN AND REDUCE THE RECTIFICATION AND EMIGRATION OF 1542 01:13:48,280 --> 01:13:54,800 WOMEN IN ALL OF THEIR AD. THEY HAVE MADE THAT PLEDGE ACROSS THE AD INDUSTRY, 1543 01:13:54,800 --> 01:13:57,280 BUT MORE THAN THAT, THEY HAVE MADE THAT PLEDGE 1544 01:13:57,280 --> 01:14:03,270 TO PRESSURE THE CONTENT, THE PROGRAMMING, TO CHANGE – TO 1545 01:14:03,270 --> 01:14:06,490 PRESENT WOMEN IN A MORE POSITIVE LIGHT. 1546 01:14:06,490 --> 01:14:10,830 PART OF THAT THEY HAVE AGREED WILL BE TO PRESENT WOMEN 1547 01:14:10,830 --> 01:14:17,450 IN STEM AND MORE DIVERSE FIGURES IN STEM GENERALLY. AND WE THINK THIS IS A TREMENDOUS RESPONSE 1548 01:14:17,450 --> 01:14:19,340 THAT THEY HAVE HAD. 1549 01:14:19,340 --> 01:14:22,700 WE'VE ARTIE BEGUN TO SEE A LITTLE BIT OF THE EFFECT. 1550 01:14:22,700 --> 01:14:26,410 THERE WAS A MEETING RECENTLY IN WHICH THEY ACTUALLY 1551 01:14:26,410 --> 01:14:29,330 RAISED THIS ISSUE WITH SOME OF THEIR PROGRAMMERS FROM 1552 01:14:29,330 --> 01:14:33,550 SOME OF THE MAJOR NETWORKS. THEY HEARD A STORY LINE THAT HAD A SOMEWHAT 1553 01:14:33,550 --> 01:14:37,710 SEXIST QUALITY ABOUT THE STEM ASPECT, THEY RAISED 1554 01:14:37,710 --> 01:14:42,150 IT AND WE HOPE THAT THAT NETWORK WILL GO BACK AND CHANGE 1555 01:14:42,150 --> 01:14:43,330 THEIR STORYLINE. 1556 01:14:43,330 --> 01:14:46,530 SO WE THINK THIS IS GOING TO BE A VERY POWERFUL MOVE. 1557 01:14:46,530 --> 01:14:49,240 THE CONVERSATIONS ARE IMPORTANT AND I BRING THIS UP 1558 01:14:49,240 --> 01:14:53,500 JUST BECAUSE I THINK EVERY ONE OF US CAN HAVE AN IMPACT 1559 01:14:53,500 --> 01:14:59,300 ON THE COMMUNITY OF CREATORS. AS DAVID SAID, BRING THOSE CREATORS INTO THE 1560 01:14:59,300 --> 01:15:02,920 STEM COMMUNITY, AND INFLUENCE THEM IN COLLEGE SO 1561 01:15:02,920 --> 01:15:05,950 THAT PERHAPS WHEN THEY GO OUT AND THEY BEGAN TO 1562 01:15:05,950 --> 01:15:09,300 WRITE ABOUT THE WORLD AROUND THEM, THEY WILL THINK OF 1563 01:15:09,300 --> 01:15:10,440 WOMEN AND 1564 01:15:10,440 --> 01:15:16,280 MINORITIES AND STEM AS ONE OF THEIR IMAGES. ONE THAT HAPPENED VERY RECENTLY THAT WE WERE 1565 01:15:16,280 --> 01:15:19,850 VERY EXCITED ABOUT WAS THAT THE – WE HAD HAD 1566 01:15:19,850 --> 01:15:23,130 – OUR OFFICE HAD HAD A CONVERSATION WITH THE PRODUCERS 1567 01:15:23,130 --> 01:15:27,840 OF LIKE FISH, WHICH IS A VERY POPULAR TV SHOW, ABOUT A BLACK 1568 01:15:27,840 --> 01:15:30,640 FAMILY. AND WE DON'T KNOW IF THERE IS A CONNECTION 1569 01:15:30,640 --> 01:15:33,710 BETWEEN OUR CONVERSATION, BUT HERE HE SOON AFTER, THE 1570 01:15:33,710 --> 01:15:37,160 OLDEST GIRL IN THE FAMILY AND HIGH SCHOOL REFERRED TO 1571 01:15:37,160 --> 01:15:41,310 HERSELF AS A CHEMISTRY NERD AND STARTED CARRYING HER SAT 1572 01:15:41,310 --> 01:15:44,210 STUDY BOOK AROUND WITH HER IN THE SHOW. 1573 01:15:44,210 --> 01:15:47,450 IT WAS ONE OF THOSE LITTLE, SUBTLE CHANGES THAT HERE IS 1574 01:15:47,450 --> 01:15:51,970 THIS VERY EXCITING AND INTERESTING BEAUTIFUL GIRL WHO 1575 01:15:51,970 --> 01:15:56,600 ASKED JUST LIKE A TEENAGER. SHE'S TEXTING ALL THE TIME AND SHE HAD IDENTIFIED 1576 01:15:56,600 --> 01:15:58,880 AS A CHEMISTRY NERD. 1577 01:15:58,880 --> 01:16:06,650 IN REAL LIFE, THE ACTRESS IS A SUPERB PETITION. SHE TOLD ME RECENTLY THAT SHE WAS – THIS 1578 01:16:06,650 --> 01:16:10,080 PAST YEAR DATING CALCULUS, BUT SHE DECIDED TO BREAK 1579 01:16:10,080 --> 01:16:13,830 UP WITH HIM BECAUSE SHE WAS GOING TO MOVE ON TO STATISTICS. 1580 01:16:13,830 --> 01:16:16,810 [LAUGHTER] SO YOU CAN IMAGINE HOW DELIGHTED SHE WAS 1581 01:16:16,810 --> 01:16:20,000 WHEN HER SCRIPT STARTED REFLECTING WHO SHE WAS IN REAL 1582 01:16:20,000 --> 01:16:27,270 LIFE AS A REAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT. THE INDUSTRY IS ALSO SUPPORTING THE DEVELOPMENT 1583 01:16:27,270 --> 01:16:31,330 OF A DASHBOARD OR A SET OF METRICS TO EVALUATE 1584 01:16:31,330 --> 01:16:34,980 COMMERCIALS AS WELL AS THE CONTENT OF SHOWS FOR THEIR 1585 01:16:34,980 --> 01:16:39,400 DEPICTION OF WOMEN AND WOMEN IN STEM WILL BE PART OF THAT 1586 01:16:39,400 --> 01:16:43,490 AND DIVERSITY OF WOMEN WILL BE PART OF THAT DASHBOARD. 1587 01:16:43,490 --> 01:16:47,310 SO WE'RE VERY EXCITED. THEY'RE GOING TO START PUBLISHING THE RESULTS 1588 01:16:47,310 --> 01:16:50,251 OF THEIR EVALUATION OF THEIR METRICS ABOUT ALL OF THE 1589 01:16:50,251 --> 01:16:54,620 NETWORKS, ABOUT SHOWS, AND ABOUT ADS ON A WEEKLY BASIS. 1590 01:16:54,620 --> 01:16:59,100 SO THAT THE CREATORS CAN TRACK THEIR IMPROVEMENT ABOUT 1591 01:16:59,100 --> 01:17:02,310 DEPICTING PEOPLE IN A MORE EQUITABLE WAY AND A MORE 1592 01:17:02,310 --> 01:17:11,080 EXCITING WAY IN TERMS OF STEM IN THE MEDIA. AND SO, WE KNOW THAT THIS WILL WORK BECAUSE 1593 01:17:11,080 --> 01:17:14,930 WE HAVE SEEN THE MEDIA HAVE AN EFFECT ON MANY THINGS 1594 01:17:14,930 --> 01:17:17,030 IN AMERICA AND OTHER COUNTRIES. 1595 01:17:17,030 --> 01:17:20,830 THERE ARE NUMEROUS EXAMPLES AND STUDIES THAT SHOW THAT 1596 01:17:20,830 --> 01:17:24,020 THE CHANGING OF SOMETHING IN NETWORK TELEVISION HAS 1597 01:17:24,020 --> 01:17:28,270 CHANGED BEHAVIOR IN THE PUBLIC. MY FAVORITE EXAMPLE IS THE INTRODUCTION OF 1598 01:17:28,270 --> 01:17:32,130 THE CONCEPT OF THE DESIGNATED DRIVER, WHICH WAS UNKNOWN 1599 01:17:32,130 --> 01:17:36,191 AND A PROFESSOR AT HARVARD CAME BACK FROM A VISIT 1600 01:17:36,191 --> 01:17:39,060 TO THE MEDICAL COMMUNITY IN SCANDINAVIA AND HAD LEARNED 1601 01:17:39,060 --> 01:17:40,810 ABOUT THE DISCIK DRIVER CONCEPT. 1602 01:17:40,810 --> 01:17:48,640 HE SAID WE COULD BE SAVING LIVES. SO WE WENT TO HOLLYWOOD AND HE GOT THEM TO 1603 01:17:48,640 --> 01:17:51,510 INTEGRATE THE CONCEPT OF THE DISCIK AIDED DRIVER INTO 1604 01:17:51,510 --> 01:17:53,219 PRIME TIME TELEVISION. 1605 01:17:53,219 --> 01:17:59,760 – DESIGNATED DRIVER – IT WENT TO 95 PERCENT RECOGNITION. 1606 01:17:59,760 --> 01:18:05,240 THREE YEARS. SO THAT IS THE KIND OF POWER THAT WE CAN SEE 1607 01:18:05,240 --> 01:18:09,490 THE MEDIA HAVE AND THE INFLUENCE THAT THEY CAN HAVE 1608 01:18:09,490 --> 01:18:13,070 ON OUR SOCIETY AROUND US. 1609 01:18:13,070 --> 01:18:15,950 SO THE PRESIDENTS IMAGE – AND I THINK THE GOVERNMENTS 1610 01:18:15,950 --> 01:18:18,760 IMAGE – GENERALLY, IS OF A WORK FORCE THAT IS 1611 01:18:18,760 --> 01:18:25,930 DEMOGRAPHICALLY DIVERSE, THAT INCLUDES PEOPLE WHO ARE 1612 01:18:25,930 --> 01:18:30,130 INTERESTED IN WHATEVER FIELD THEY WANT TO BE AND NOT 1613 01:18:30,130 --> 01:18:36,510 BASED ON THEIR GENDER OR THEIR RACIAL OR ETHNIC ORIGINS. 1614 01:18:36,510 --> 01:18:40,240 AND THAT STEM IN PARTICULAR ATTRACTS PEOPLE TASTE ON 1615 01:18:40,240 --> 01:18:44,730 THEIR SKILLS AND TALENTS AND INTERESTS AND NOT BASED ON 1616 01:18:44,730 --> 01:18:47,680 WHO DID STEM IN PREVIOUS GENERATIONS AND WHAT THE 1617 01:18:47,680 --> 01:18:53,760 IMAGES OF STEM WORKERS ARE. AND SO, WE HOPE THAT THE ENTIRE COUNTRY WILL 1618 01:18:53,760 --> 01:18:57,390 BE POPULATED BY A COMMUNITY THAT IS MORE INTERESTED 1619 01:18:57,390 --> 01:19:00,660 IN STEM GENERALLY, TASTE ON SOME OF THE CHANGES 1620 01:19:00,660 --> 01:19:04,590 THAT WE ARE MAKING AN K-12 AND IN COLLEGE, BUT ALSO, 1621 01:19:04,590 --> 01:19:07,520 IN CHANGES WE'RE BEGINNING TO SEE THE MEDIA. 1622 01:19:07,520 --> 01:19:11,240 BUT IN PARTICULAR, THAT WE SEE MUCH MORE DIVERSE AND 1623 01:19:11,240 --> 01:19:15,310 THEREFORE MORE ROBUST WORK FORCE WORKING ON STEM AND 1624 01:19:15,310 --> 01:19:18,920 THE COMING DECADES. WE DON'T HAVE TO WAIT FOR THE PREDICTIONS 1625 01:19:18,920 --> 01:19:24,680 THAT DAVID MADE OF 2130 2C PARITY IN OUR WORKFORCE. 1626 01:19:24,680 --> 01:19:27,090 SO THANK YOU FOR ALL THE WORK THAT YOU DO ON ALL OF 1627 01:19:27,090 --> 01:19:30,430 THIS AND I URGE YOU TO GO BACK AND DO EVEN MORE TO 1628 01:19:30,430 --> 01:19:40,140 DIVERSIFY YOUR STEM WORKFORCE. THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 1629 01:19:40,140 --> 01:19:45,360 [APPLAUSE]. >> THANK YOU SO MUCH, JO. 1630 01:19:45,360 --> 01:19:50,190 THOSE ARE THE FACTS AND GREAT INSPIRATION FOR ALL OF 1631 01:19:50,190 --> 01:19:51,880 US. WE ARE WORKING ON IT HARD. 1632 01:19:51,880 --> 01:19:57,170 GREAT SOLUTIONS THERE AND SO TO CONTINUE THE CONVERSATION IT'S MY GREAT HONOR TO INTRODUCE 1633 01:19:57,170 --> 01:19:59,650 YOU TO TINA CHEN – TINA TCHEN – ASSISTANT TO 1634 01:19:59,650 --> 01:20:11,300 THE PRESIDENT AND SERVES THE FIRST LADY. 1635 01:20:11,300 --> 01:20:14,560 SHE'S THE PASTOR ACTOR OF THE WHITE HOUSE OFFICE OF 1636 01:20:14,560 --> 01:20:18,300 PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT. TINA WAS PREVIOUSLY A PARTNER IN CORPORATE 1637 01:20:18,300 --> 01:20:21,960 LITIGATION AND IN THAT REALM, SHE REPRESENTED PUBLIC 1638 01:20:21,960 --> 01:20:25,610 AGENCIES IN THE STATE AND FEDERAL CLASS-ACTION INCLUDING 1639 01:20:25,610 --> 01:20:28,670 ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN AND FAMILY SERVICES, 1640 01:20:28,670 --> 01:20:30,780 THE ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC AID, AND THE 1641 01:20:30,780 --> 01:20:32,460 CHICAGO HOUSING AUTHORITY. 1642 01:20:32,460 --> 01:20:38,690 HUGE AUDACIOUS TASKS IN THEIR OWN RIGHT. I'M SO GLAD TO HAVE HER IN WASHINGTON AND 1643 01:20:38,690 --> 01:20:41,640 REALLY IT'S OUR PLEASURE TO INVITE HER AND WELCOME HER 1644 01:20:41,640 --> 01:20:44,520 TO NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS WHICH IS A RECIPIENT OF MANY 1645 01:20:44,520 --> 01:20:47,210 AWARDS INCLUDING LEADERSHIP AWARDS FROM THE WOMEN'S 1646 01:20:47,210 --> 01:20:50,310 BAR ASSOCIATION OF ILLINOIS, MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT 1647 01:20:50,310 --> 01:20:55,191 AWARD, FROM THE INTAKE INFORMATION LEAK AND SHE WAS A 1648 01:20:55,191 --> 01:20:57,320 CHICAGO LAWYER, PERSON OF THE YEAR. 1649 01:20:57,320 --> 01:21:00,210 SO THE PERSON OF THE YEAR IS TO ASCEND US A MESSAGE TO 1650 01:21:00,210 --> 01:21:02,480 THE WHITE HOUSE AND WELCOME YOU ALL, TINA TCHEN, THANK 1651 01:21:02,480 --> 01:21:09,739 YOU FOR BEING WITH US. [APPLAUSE] 1652 01:21:09,739 --> 01:21:13,180 >> THANK YOU DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR NEWMAN AND GOOD 1653 01:21:13,180 --> 01:21:17,030 MORNING. I AM DELIGHTED TO BE HERE AT NASA HEADQUARTERS. 1654 01:21:17,030 --> 01:21:19,910 I HAVE TO PARTICULARLY THINK ADMINISTRATOR CHARLIE 1655 01:21:19,910 --> 01:21:22,770 BOLDEN WHO HAS BEEN A GREAT PERSONAL FRIEND AND GREAT 1656 01:21:22,770 --> 01:21:26,230 LEADER ON SCIENCE FOR NASA, BUT ESPECIALLY ON THESE 1657 01:21:26,230 --> 01:21:28,640 ISSUES OF DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION THAT YOU'RE TALKING 1658 01:21:28,640 --> 01:21:32,830 ABOUT TODAY. AND ALSO, YOUR ASSOCIATED ADMINISTRATOR BRENDA 1659 01:21:32,830 --> 01:21:35,770 AND WELL PUT THIS TOGETHER. 1660 01:21:35,770 --> 01:21:39,810 AND I ALSO WANT TO GIVE A PARTICULAR ACKNOWLEDGMENT TO 1661 01:21:39,810 --> 01:21:43,030 OUR MEMBERS OF THE WHITE HOUSE COUNCIL ON WOMEN AND 1662 01:21:43,030 --> 01:21:52,080 GIRLS FROM NASA. AS DAVID TENSION, NASA HAS BEEN AN UZI ENTHUSIASTIC 1663 01:21:52,080 --> 01:21:58,050 PARTICIPANT. CLARISSA CARNELL AND LISA GUERRA ARE NASA'S 1664 01:21:58,050 --> 01:22:01,980 REPRESENTATIVES. YOU HAVE DONE AMAZING WORK ON THIS PARTICULAR 1665 01:22:01,980 --> 01:22:05,950 ISSUE, ON THE INCLUSION OF WOMEN AND EXPANDING SINCE 1666 01:22:05,950 --> 01:22:08,470 THE FIRST TERM AND THROUGHOUT. 1667 01:22:08,470 --> 01:22:12,630 RECENTLY, WE HAD OUR UNITED STATE OF WOMEN'S SUMMIT IN 1668 01:22:12,630 --> 01:22:16,200 JUNE WITH 5000 WOMEN FROM ACROSS THE COUNTRY AND AROUND 1669 01:22:16,200 --> 01:22:19,330 THE WORLD, ON ALL OF THE ISSUES CONCERNING WOMEN AND 1670 01:22:19,330 --> 01:22:22,000 GIRLS. IN PARTICULAR WE TALKED ABOUT EDUCATION AND 1671 01:22:22,000 --> 01:22:25,180 STEM AND THE NEXT DAY WE ENCOURAGED AGENCIES TO DO 1672 01:22:25,180 --> 01:22:26,730 EVENTS THE DAY AFTER. 1673 01:22:26,730 --> 01:22:29,730 AND YOU HERE AT NASA DID ENGAGING WOMEN AND GIRLS IN 1674 01:22:29,730 --> 01:22:34,270 STEM THROUGH DATA SCIENCE. YOU HAD 200 FOLKS HERE THE DAY AFTER THE UNITED 1675 01:22:34,270 --> 01:22:35,270 STATE OF WOMEN. 1676 01:22:35,270 --> 01:22:37,620 THAT'S IN ADDITION TO THE MENTORING PROGRAM THAT YOU 1677 01:22:37,620 --> 01:22:44,200 HAVE DONE FOR NASA GIRLS. AND YOUR NASA SCIENCE FOR GIRLS PROGRAM. 1678 01:22:44,200 --> 01:22:48,650 THAT YOU DO WITH LIBRARIES AND FAMILIES. SO I WANT TO – IT'S A GREAT OCCASION FOR 1679 01:22:48,650 --> 01:22:52,330 ME TO THANK YOU FOR THE LEADERSHIP AND THE WORK THAT NASA 1680 01:22:52,330 --> 01:22:53,460 HAS SHOWN THROUGHOUT. 1681 01:22:53,460 --> 01:22:56,190 I BRING YOU GREETINGS FROM THE PRESIDENT AND FIRST 1682 01:22:56,190 --> 01:22:59,180 LADY. THEY ARE ON A WELL-DESERVED VACATION SO THAT 1683 01:22:59,180 --> 01:23:02,350 IS WHY THEY COULD NOT BE HERE WITH YOU TODAY. 1684 01:23:02,350 --> 01:23:05,710 BUT THE PRESIDENT AND I AND THE FIRST LADY IN THAT 1685 01:23:05,710 --> 01:23:09,830 CATEGORY THAT JO HAD UP THERE IF THE PEOPLE THAT AREN'T 1686 01:23:09,830 --> 01:23:13,350 IN STEM AND WE MIGHT NOT EVEN UNDERSTAND SCIENCE, BUT 1687 01:23:13,350 --> 01:23:17,340 WE THINK IT'S REALLY COOL. SO WE REALLY – THE PRESIDENT'S FAVORITE 1688 01:23:17,340 --> 01:23:20,580 EVENT OF THE YEAR EVERY YEAR IS THE WHITE HOUSE SCIENCE 1689 01:23:20,580 --> 01:23:24,710 FAIR WHICH IS SOMETHING HE INAUGURATED IN THIS ADMINISTRATION. 1690 01:23:24,710 --> 01:23:27,840 WE HOPE IT WILL CONTINUE, BUT IT IS HIS FAVORITE EVENT 1691 01:23:27,840 --> 01:23:31,460 OF THE YEAR AND HIS FAVORITE PLACE TO ENGAGE WITH YOUNG 1692 01:23:31,460 --> 01:23:35,020 WOMEN AND GIRLS AND THE DIVERSE YOUNG PEOPLE ARE THERE. 1693 01:23:35,020 --> 01:23:40,450 I FAVORITE SHOT FROM OUR TIME AT THE WHITE HOUSE IS 1694 01:23:40,450 --> 01:23:44,290 FROM LAST YEAR'S WHITE HOUSE SCIENCE FAIR WHERE A GROUP 1695 01:23:44,290 --> 01:23:47,840 OF BROWNIES, GIRL SCOUTS, YOU KNOW THAT'S THE YOUNGEST 1696 01:23:47,840 --> 01:23:52,420 GIRL SCOUTS, THE LITTLE GIRLS IN THEIR SUPERGIRL CAPES 1697 01:23:52,420 --> 01:23:56,040 AND THEIR PRINCESS TRS, WHICH THEY PUT ON THE PRESIDENT 1698 01:23:56,040 --> 01:23:59,950 AND HE IS BENDING DOWN AND ENGAGING WITH THEM WITH 1699 01:23:59,950 --> 01:24:04,980 THEIR SCIENCE PROJECT. AND THAT IS CHANGING THE FACE OF WHAT IT MEANS 1700 01:24:04,980 --> 01:24:08,070 TO BE A SCIENTIST AND BE INTERESTED IN STEM EVEN AT 1701 01:24:08,070 --> 01:24:17,000 THE YOUNGEST YEARS WHICH JO TALKED ABOUT. 1702 01:24:17,000 --> 01:24:19,520 BEFORE HER TIME AT THE WHITE HOUSE AND HAS USED THE 1703 01:24:19,520 --> 01:24:23,510 PLATFORM OF THE WHITE HOUSE TO EDUCATE SO MANY OF US ON 1704 01:24:23,510 --> 01:24:27,120 WHAT SHE HAS. SHE'S GOT THE DATA AND THE EVIDENCE TO BACK 1705 01:24:27,120 --> 01:24:30,940 UP THE NEED THAT WE HAVE IN THE WAYS IN WHICH WE CAN CHANGE 1706 01:24:30,940 --> 01:24:32,620 IT AND THE BEST PRACTICES. 1707 01:24:32,620 --> 01:24:36,090 SO IT WAS A TREAT TO LISTEN TO HER AND A TREAT FOR YOU 1708 01:24:36,090 --> 01:24:41,230 TO SEE HER THIS MORNING. THIS HAS BEEN A HUGE INVESTMENT, NOT JUST 1709 01:24:41,230 --> 01:24:44,140 IN THOSE KIND OF FEEL-GOOD MOMENTS LIKE THE WHITE HOUSE 1710 01:24:44,140 --> 01:24:47,200 SCIENCE FAIR, BUT THE PRESIDENT HAS BEEN KEY ABOUT MAKING 1711 01:24:47,200 --> 01:24:50,230 HARD CORE INVESTMENTS TO LIKE $1 BILLION IN PRIVATE 1712 01:24:50,230 --> 01:24:57,710 INVESTMENTS, 3 BILLION DOLLARS IN OUR BUDGET, HE'S ESTABLISHED 1713 01:24:57,710 --> 01:25:02,110 US DSR UNITED STATES DIGITAL SERVICES GROUP FOR 1714 01:25:02,110 --> 01:25:05,230 THE FIRST TIME EVER TO BRING REALLY STATE-OF-THE-ART 1715 01:25:05,230 --> 01:25:08,770 TECHNOLOGY, COMPUTER SCIENTISTS INTO THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. 1716 01:25:08,770 --> 01:25:14,480 HE ESTABLISHED THE OFFICE OF THE CHIEF TECHNOLOGY OFFICER AND HE HAS REALLY TRIED TO PROMOTE 1717 01:25:14,480 --> 01:25:18,120 IN EVERY CORNER AND TURNED THE NEED FOR INCREASING 1718 01:25:18,120 --> 01:25:21,500 STEM. HE KNOWS AND TALKS ABOUT HOW WE NEED 1 MILLION 1719 01:25:21,500 --> 01:25:22,500 MORE 1720 01:25:22,500 --> 01:25:25,540 STEM JOBS BY 2020 AND WE NEED TO MAKE SURE THAT THOSE 1721 01:25:25,540 --> 01:25:33,610 INCLUDE DIVERSE WOMEN, MINORITIES. YOU KNOW, YOU HERE AT NASA, NOT ONLY FOR WHAT 1722 01:25:33,610 --> 01:25:36,250 YOU HAVE DONE FOR WOMEN AND GIRLS THAT I CITED, BUT 1723 01:25:36,250 --> 01:25:40,090 WITH YOUR ONE AND A HALF DOLLAR GRANTS FOR STEM RESEARCH, 1724 01:25:40,090 --> 01:25:44,750 YOU ARE IN A PARTICIPANT IN THIS AND I AM SO PROUD 1725 01:25:44,750 --> 01:25:48,410 THAT WHAT THROUGH THIS CONFERENCE TODAY, AND 1726 01:25:48,410 --> 01:25:51,910 THROUGH ALL THE WORK I KNOW YOU DO THROUGHOUT AS YOU 1727 01:25:51,910 --> 01:25:54,170 MAY GRANT DECISIONS, AS YOU MAKE YOUR OWN SCIENTIFIC 1728 01:25:54,170 --> 01:25:57,840 AND RESEARCH DECISIONS, YOUR BEEN OUTSPOKEN ABOUT 1729 01:25:57,840 --> 01:26:02,410 INCLUSION AND DIVERSITY NEEDS THAT WE HAVE. LET'S FACE IT. 1730 01:26:02,410 --> 01:26:07,450 NASA IS LIKE REALLY COOL. WHEN YOU ALL DO THINGS, PEOPLE PAY ATTENTION, 1731 01:26:07,450 --> 01:26:08,800 KIDS PAY ATTENTION. 1732 01:26:08,800 --> 01:26:12,090 BECAUSE YOU ARE THE COOL GUYS IN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. 1733 01:26:12,090 --> 01:26:15,940 I CONFESS THAT WHEN DOCTOR HOLDEN SENDS THE PHOTOS I 1734 01:26:15,940 --> 01:26:21,790 SENT THEM AROUND HE CAME WITH ME BECAUSE HE WANTED TO 1735 01:26:21,790 --> 01:26:24,370 BE HERE AT NASA HEADQUARTERS BECAUSE HE LOVES THE 1736 01:26:24,370 --> 01:26:27,410 PHOTOS THAT WE SEND OUT WHEN DOCTOR HOLD DOCTOR HOLDEN 1737 01:26:27,410 --> 01:26:38,040 – BECAUSE YOU GUYS SHOW WHAT COOL CAN BE. AND I AM JUST SO GRATEFUL FOR THIS OPPORTUNITY 1738 01:26:38,040 --> 01:26:41,900 THIS MORNING TO THANK YOU FOR THE CONTINUED SUSTAINED 1739 01:26:41,900 --> 01:26:45,960 LEADERSHIP THAT YOU ALL PROVIDE TO SPUR YOU WANT TO DO 1740 01:26:45,960 --> 01:26:48,290 MORE INTO CONTINUE TO LEAD THE REST OF US IN THE 1741 01:26:48,290 --> 01:26:51,880 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ON HOW TO DO BETTER AT THIS AND TO 1742 01:26:51,880 --> 01:26:57,640 BE THAT BEACON FOR YOUNG WOMEN AND GIRLS AND YOUNG BOYS 1743 01:26:57,640 --> 01:27:01,820 AND MEN THROUGHOUT OUR COUNTRY TO REALLY BE INSPIRED, 1744 01:27:01,820 --> 01:27:04,530 TO REACH THE HEIGHTS THAT YOU ALL ARE ABLE TO REACH 1745 01:27:04,530 --> 01:27:07,940 EVERY DAY AND TO REALLY PROPEL THIS COUNTRY FORWARD 1746 01:27:07,940 --> 01:27:10,790 BECAUSE YOU ARE THE KEY, NOT JUST TO THE FUTURE FOR 1747 01:27:10,790 --> 01:27:21,180 THESE YOUNG PEOPLE, BUT TO THE FUTURE OF OUR COUNTRY. 1748 01:27:21,180 --> 01:27:27,260 SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH. [APPLAUSE]. 1749 01:27:27,260 --> 01:27:29,060 >> THANK YOU. LET'S GIVE OUR DISTINGUISHED GUESTS ANOTHER 1750 01:27:29,060 --> 01:27:30,850 ROUND OF APPLAUSE. 1751 01:27:30,850 --> 01:27:35,050 [APPLAUSE] >> WE'VE HAD A WEALTH OF INFORMATION THIS 1752 01:27:35,050 --> 01:27:39,510 MORNING AND WE HOPE THAT THOSE WHO ARE VIEWING WE HAVE 1753 01:27:39,510 --> 01:27:42,760 A LARGE NUMBER OF FOLKS VIEWING THE STEM CONFERENCE 1754 01:27:42,760 --> 01:27:45,670 THIS MORNING AND WE HOPE THAT YOU ARE ENJOYING